Gerald Klingbeil - Chantal J. Klingbeil, «‘Eyes to Hear’: Nehemiah 1,6 from a Pragmatics and Ritual Theory Perspective», Vol. 91 (2010) 91-102
This study of the enigmatic phrase K1d:@b;(a tla@pit@-l)e (amo#$li tw$xw%tup; K1yney('w: “and your eyes open to listen to the prayer of your servant” (Neh 1,6) utilizes an interdisciplinary approach involving insights from linguistic pragmatics and ritual theory. We will begin with a brief review of the history of interpretation of this phrase. Particular attention will then be given to elements of ritual theory, such as trigger point, ritual language, time, place, sequence, etc. Finally, we will examine the pragmatic context, discourse, and conversational strategies involved with this phrase.
92 GERALD A. KLINGBEIL – CHANTAL J. KLINGBEIL
choose to translate the text in a way that circumvents the strange
combination and sequence of nouns and verbs 5. Other commentaries do not
comment at all on the expression 6. One notable exception can be found in
the New International Biblical Commentary which contains a brief note on
Neh 1,6, stating that “prayer involved not only words but also body
language †7. Another refreshing look at Nehemiah 1 (including also
verse 6) can be found in the Berit Olam commentary series 8. The narrative
focus of this series seems to have obliged the authors to pay closer attention
to the language and rhetorical strategies used in the biblical texts. Davies
notes the ample use of metaphors. God is imagined as having “ears†and
“ eyes †(Neh 1,6.11). After having heard ([mv) of Jerusalem’s plight
(Neh 1,4), Nehemiah wants YHWH to “hear†([mv) his prayer. Williamson
suggests that “it was normal to appeal to God in this way for hearing. The
superficially curious juxtapositioning of ‘eyes’ and ‘hearing’ provides a
fully intelligible metaphor, known also from 1 Kgs 8,52†9. We are
wondering if this rather general statement is doing justice to the curious
phraseology employed in Neh 1,6.
A.H.J. GUNNEWEG, Nehemia (Kommentar zum Alten Testament; Berlin 1987)
48, who suggests that the strange addition of the open eyes is the result of the
work of a later editor (“Ergänzerâ€, p. 48) and thinks that this is typical
stereotypic prayer language. Compare also I. DE CASTELBAJAC, “Les sources
deutéronomistes de la figure royale de Néhémieâ€, Transeuphratène 28 (2004)
65-76.
See W. KESSLER, Gottes Mitarbeiter am Wiederaufbau. Die Propheten
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Esra und Nehemia (BAT 12/4; Stuttgart 1971) 85, who translates: “Lass doch
dein Ohr aufmerken und deine Augen offen sein und höre auf das Gebet deines
Knechtes . . . â€. The KJV ASV and NKJV also seem to opt for translating the
, ,
infinitive construct form [mvl as a dependent relative clause, introduced by
-o ˆ i
“ that ...â€.
D. KIDNER, Ezra and Nehemiah. An Introduction and Commentary
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(TOTC ; Leicester 1979) 79; F.C. FENSHAM, The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah
(NICOT ; Grand Rapids, MI 1982) 155; F.C. HOLMGREN, Israel Alive Again. A
Commentary on the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah (ITC ; Grand Rapids, MI
1987) 91–92; J. BECKER, Esra/Nehemia (Neue Echter Bibel 25; Würzburg
1990) 62; M.A. THRONTVEIT, Ezra-Nehemiah (Interpretation ; Louisville, KY
1992) 64; M. BRENEMAN, Ezra-Nehemiah-Esther (NAC 10; Nashville, TN
1993) 172; R.W. KLEIN, “The Books of Ezra & Nehemiah†(The New
Interpreter’s Bible; Nashville, TN 1999) III, 751-754.
L.C. ALLEN – T.S. LANIAK, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther (NIBC 9; Peabody,
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MA 2003) 92.
G.F. DAVIES, Ezra and Nehemiah (Berit Olam; Collegeville, MN 1999)
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79-96.
H.G.M. WILLIAMSON, Ezra, Nehemiah (WBC 16; Dallas, TX 1985) 173.
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