Wilson de Angelo Cunha, «A Brief Discussion of MT Isaiah 24,14-16», Vol. 90 (2009) 530-544
Recent scholarship interprets Isaiah 24,14-16 in light of a “prophetic disputation pattern” genre, which sees the praise in vv. 14-15 as an assertion and the “I” statement in v. 16b as the counter-assertion, thus, correcting the assertion in vv. 14-15. This article seeks to challenge this interpretation and argue that the “I” statement in v. 16b does not need to function as a “counter-assertion” to the praise in vv. 14-15 but, rather, as introducing the proclamation of judgment for the unrighteous (v. 16c).
A Brief Discussion of MT Isaiah 24,14-16 539
reading of MT v. 16b-c as μydgbl ywa (35). In this sense, the pronominal
suffix in yl (v. 16c) and the verb wdgb (v. 16d) were not translated. In v.
16e, the present participle oiJ ajqetou'nte" renders the verbal adjective
μydgwb (36). Finally the expression to;n novmon is a plus in the LXX (37),
whereas the words dgbw/wdgb were not rendered. The importance of the
expression “to reject the law†will be discussed below.
In v. 16b-c, the use of the interjection oujai “woe†characterizes v.
16c as an announcement of judgment to a group of people labeled as
toi" aqetousin oiJ aqetounte" ton nomon “to the rejecters — those who
'j ' j ' ; v
reject the lawâ€. The expression to;n nomon “the law†has no connection
v
with the Hebrew and it was introduced by the translator as a
harmonization with LXX Isa 24,5, where the phrase parevbhsan to;n
nomon “they broke the law†is found. The singular novmo" in 24,5 differs
v
from the plural trwt/twrwt “laws†in MT/1QIsaa respectively. The use of
novmo" in 24,5.16 shows that the translator is concerned with the issue
of breaking “the law†in LXX Isa 24 (cf. also the use of ajnomiva in v.
20). LXX 24,16c announces judgment against the “law rejecters:†who
are they in LXX Isa 24?
Viewed in the context of LXX Isa 24, the “law rejecters†are to be
identified with the ajsebw'n of v. 8. This identification is confirmed by
the synonymic use of ajsebh'" “ungodly†and a]nomo" “lawless†in LXX
Isa (cf. Isa 13,11; 33,14; 55,7; compare also with 1 Macc 7,5). As such,
whereas v. 16a proclaims “hope†for the eujsebhv", v. 16b-c announce
judgment for the ajsebw'n. Graphically, v. 16 can be interpreted as
follows:
proclamation of hope for the eujsebhv"
v. 16a:
proclamation of judgment for the ajsebw'n
v. 16b:
To summarize this section, it is important to comment on how Isa
24,14-16 was read in the LXX. First, LXX identified the hmh of v. 14a as
the “ungodly†of v. 8, whose cry in v. 14a has a negative tone: they cry
out because of their punishment. Second, LXX divided v. 14 into two
classes of people: the “ungodly†in v. 14a and the “ones who are left on
(35) Cf. E.S. MULDER, Die teologie van die Jesaja-Apokalipse. Jesaja 24–27
(Groningen 1954) 15; das NEVES, IsaÃas, 229. LIEBMANN, “Jesaia 24–27â€, 236,
thought the LXX Vorlage had only the interjection ywa, which was linked to μydgbl,
but this is highly improbable as 1QIsaa is in line with MT.
(36) Against LIEBMANN, “Jesaia 24–27â€, 237, who thought that the last three
words of MT were lacking in the LXX. The plural present participle ajqetou'nte"
indicates it renders the Hebrew plural participle μydgwb.
(37) Cf. OTTLEY, Isaiah, II, 223.