Resurrection and Biblical Tradition 65 than a prophetic vision about return from exile and national restoration for Israel. Text and translation of column 2 of 4Q386 fragment 1 are cited below (28). 4Q386 1 ii top margin ˆnwbth yla rmayw vacat hwhy yna yk w[dyw ≈[ra] 1 hbrj hnhw hwhy ytyar rmaw larçy tmdab µda ˆb 2 ym[ ta twn[l bçjy l[ylb ˆb hwhy rmayw µxbqt ytmw 3 raçy al [rz amfh ˆmhw hyhy al wrçmw wl jyna alw 4 taw [ ] çbd hç[y al zyztw çwryt hyhy al hpxnmw 5 ˚pha µr[a]ç l[w πmm ayxwa ynb taw πmb grha [çrh 6 ≈rah h[y]ht wrmaw ˚dçhw µ[w]lçh hyh wrmay rçak 7 [h]mj µhyl[ ry[a ˆkb µdq [ ] ymyb htyh rçak 8 ] ta [ ]l [ µ]ymçh twjr [b[ra]m 9 [ ] k tr[b ç[ak] 10 [ [ ][ ] 11 1 [la]nd and they will know that I am the Lord vacat and he said to me: consider, 2 son of man, the land of Israel. And I said, I have seen, Lord, but look, it is a desolated place 3 and when will you assemble them? And the Lord said: a son of Belial will mean to oppress my people, 4 but I will not allow him and of his leader(ship) there will not be (anyone), nor will any offspring remain of the impure one. 5 And of the caperbush there will not be any wine, nor will a bee make honey. 6 But I will slay the wicked one in Memphis and I will bring my children out of Memphis and turn the reverse way concerning their remnant. 7 As they will say, ‘peace and quiet have come’, they will (also) say, ‘the land will be 8 as it was in days [ ] of old’. After this I will arouse wrath against them 9 from the four quarters of the heavens[ ] [ ] [ ] 10 [like] a burning [fi]re, like ?[ ] 11 [ ] [ ]. The sequel of thought in the second column of fragment 1 of Pseudo- Ezekielb is also one of future, if not eschatologically oriented expectation (29). Yet the expectation here does not apply to resurrection, but to the gathering together of the people and the divine act of returning a remnant (4Q386 1 ii 3 and 6). This evidence, which I am about to discuss, gives the impression that the composition at large did not envisage a substitution of the supposedly original sense of return and restoration by apocalyptic reinterpretation. The relation of this second column to biblical tradition has been considered to be much more difficult to trace back than is the case with the first column which overlaps with Pseudo-Ezekiela frg. 2 (30). I will therefore go —————— restoring of the covenant to them (4Q385 2 1); circumstances of which the reward of resurrection for the righteous presumably constitute the fulfilment. (28) Text from DIMANT, DJD 30, 62; translation my own. (29) Dimant (DJD 30, 25) observes that “the preoccupation with the appointed time for eschatological events is also the concern of frgs. 3, 4, and 6, and of 4Q386 1 ii 3”, thereby including evidence from the second column of 4Q386 frg. 1. (30) Dimant (“Resurrection, Restoration, and Time-Curtailing”, 534) argues that “the vision recorded in 4Q386 1 ii-iii is non-biblical”, while yet associating a thematic sequence with 4Q385 2+3 // 4Q386 1 i // 4Q388 7 as corresponding to Ezek 37,1-14 and with 4Q386 1 ii-iii as corresponding to Ezek 37,15–38,24; Brady (“Biblical Interpretation in the ‘Pseudo-