James Swetnam, « )Ec e(no/j in Hebrews 2,11», Vol. 88 (2007) 517-525
The phrase )ec e(no/j in Heb 2,11 is a standard crux. The article attempts to come to grips with it through a close reading of the text of Heb 2,8bc-18. This close reading leads to the conclusion that the 'one' mentioned in is the spiritual seed of Abraham composed of all those who, like Abraham exercise faith-trust in God in the face of death. But this spiritual seed of Abraham is modified by the faith-trust of Jesus brought to the perfection of his heavenly priesthood.
AN I M A D V E R S I O N E S
Ex eJnov" in Hebrews 2,11
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The phrase ejx eJnov" in Hebrews 2,11 is interpreted in ways which are as varied
as they are perdurable (1). So varied and so perdurable, in fact, that one may
be pardoned, perhaps, in thinking of them as permanent parts of the exegetical
landscape. But resignation in the face of difficulty is defeatism by another
name. It would seem preferable to launch regular attempts at explanations in
the hope that trust in the intelligibility of the author of Hebrews may be
vindicated sooner or later.
The present article is such an attempt. The method involved may be
sanguinely described as a “close readingâ€.
1. The State of the Question
The suggestions made as to the identify of the “one†indicated by the
word eJnov" are varied. Some of the principal ones are (2): 1) one substance or
race; 2) one priestly lineage; 3) one source, i.e., God; 4) one origin, i.e.,
Adam; 5) one ancestor, i.e., Abraham; 6) one transcendent Gnostic world.
These interpretations are supported by arguments based on the context (3).
This, of course, is the proper way to proceed. But those who advance differing
interpretations invoke the same context. Since there is such a variety of
interpretations, each plausible, depending on what elements of the context are
chosen, it seems necessary to establish a context which would measurably
enhance the plausibility of any interpretation based on it (4). And since the
crux seems so intractable, any suggested solution will probably have to
appear out of the ordinary, idiosyncratic even. But conventional suggestions
based on conventional suppositions would seem to have failed. Something
unconventional seems called for.
(1) The text in the article which follows is that of Nestle–Aland27. Translations are by
the present writer.
(2) Cf. H.W. ATTRIDGE, The Epistle to the Hebrews (Philadelphia 1989) 88-89.
(3) Cf., for example, W.L. LANE, Hebrews 1–8 (WBC 47; Dallas 1991) 58: “The
contextual references to God in v 10 and to the family relationship in v 11…tend to support
the contention that eJnov" is masculine and has reference to God…. Both the Son and those
who are sons share a common familial relationship that is rooted in the gracious
determination of God to bring his children to their destiny through the redemptive mission
of the Son…â€.
(4) In what follows the present writer is going to attempt to arrive at a plausible
interpretation of ejx eJnov" and nothing more. No “proof†is envisaged. Perhaps another close
reading of the context of Heb 2,11 can yield an interpretation different from the one being
advanced here. All that will be claimed is that, considering one close reading of the context
of 2,11, the proposed interpretation is plausible.