James Swetnam, « )Ec e(no/j in Hebrews 2,11», Vol. 88 (2007) 517-525
The phrase )ec e(no/j in Heb 2,11 is a standard crux. The article attempts to come to grips with it through a close reading of the text of Heb 2,8bc-18. This close reading leads to the conclusion that the 'one' mentioned in is the spiritual seed of Abraham composed of all those who, like Abraham exercise faith-trust in God in the face of death. But this spiritual seed of Abraham is modified by the faith-trust of Jesus brought to the perfection of his heavenly priesthood.
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Ex eJnov" in Hebrews 2,11 521
consecration is pressed into service by the author of Hebrews to indicate a
specifically New Testament reality. Just what the function of this heavenly
high priest is will be indicated in Heb 2,12.
4. A Proposed Solution to the Meaning of ejx eJnov"
This is the immediate antecedent context of ejx eJnov" in Heb 2,11. In this
context the precise wording of Heb 2,11 is instructive. “For both the one
sanctifying (aJgiavzwn) and the ones being sanctified (aJgiazovmenoi) are all
from one (ejx eJnov"); for this reason he is not ashamed to call them brothersâ€.
The illative particle “for†(gavr) seems to refer to the phrase “through
sufferings†(dia; paqhmavtwn) in v. 10. The idea of the “perfecting†seems to
be a given, the point being made that this perfecting had to be done through
sufferings, i.e., death. The reason for this interpretation lies in the use of “it
was fitting†combined with the presence of “on account of whom and for the
sake of whom everything happens†and “in leading many sons to gloryâ€. God
is all-powerful and the goal for all human existence; he could have dispensed
Jesus from death to achieve Jesus’ personal goal of entering into honor and
glory, i.e., God’s own world of existence, for Jesus was personally without
sin (Heb 7,26). But because the son involved the sons and their goals of
entering into honor and glory, God had Jesus suffer death because they had to
suffer death, given that death had entered their world through sin. Jesus’ role
as “originator of their [i.e., the sons’] salvation†makes it fitting that the son
endure what the sons have to endure to achieve their goals, i.e., death.
It is on this precise point that the phrase ejx eJnov" seems to bear: both the
son and the sons are “from oneâ€. It would seem at first sight that the “oneâ€
refers to the physical body of both son and sons which permits them to die.
But that is not what 2,13b-18 says. The quality which Jesus is taking in hand
of the children which God has given him is their quality as members of
Abraham’s seed. It is their faith-trust which links Jesus and the “childrenâ€.
The fact that the children have mortal bodies is simply the basis for the
exercise of this faith-trust. This emerges from the wording of 2,18: the high
priest Jesus is able to help the children because he was “tested†and having
passed the test, is trustworthy and thus able to help the sons pass their test.
The phrase ejx eJnov" is about faith-trust. But not just the faith-trust which
constituted a spiritual child of Abraham before the coming of Jesus, but the
faith-trust which constitutes a spiritual child after the perfecting of Jesus. The
phrase “from one†in Heb 2,11, implies that to the faith-trust of the children
of Abraham which they enjoyed before the coming of Jesus must now be
added the faith-trust of Jesus which they enjoy after the perfecting of Jesus.
The “one†referred to in Heb 2,11 is the “seed†of Abraham but under a new
formality. This spiritual seed remains the seed of Abraham, but it is now
constituted not only by the faith-trust of Abraham, but by faith-trust in the
risen Jesus as well. Hence the choice of the numeral “oneâ€: it designate the
unity of the two faith-trusts which results. This “Christian seed†of Abraham
is composed of two realities which form a new functional unity, the faith-trust
of Abraham and the faith-trust of Christ.
This Christian seed of two faith-trusts is the basis for the “sanctifyingâ€
which Jesus is engaged in. In his glorified state Christ is in a position to