Thomas R. Hatina, «Who Will See "The Kingdom of God Coming with Power" in Mark 9,1 — Protagonists or Antagonists?», Vol. 86 (2005) 20-34
In conventional readings of Mark 9,1, the meaning of the
"kingdom of God coming with power" determines the identity of the bystanders who
will supposedly experience ("see") it. Since the prediction of the kingdom is
usually regarded as a blessing, it is assumed that the bystanders are
protagonists. In contrast to this conventional approach, the reading proposed in
this essay begins with the group(s) which will experience ("see") "the kingdom
of God coming with power", first in 9,1 and then in 13,26 and 14,62. When prior
attention is given to these groups in the context of the narrative, Jesus’
prediction in Mark 9,1 emerges not as a blessing promised to the protagonists,
but as a threat of judgment aimed at antagonists.
30 Thomas R. Hatina
especially in light of the temporal qualifiers in vv. 29-30. Surely, Mark
could have continued by having Jesus say “You will see (o[yesqe) the
son of man coming…â€. Another option would have been to simply use
the all encompassing oiJ ejklektoiv aujtou' as he does in v. 27 (31)? After
all, this is certainly what is expected if 9,1 were indeed a promise of
vindication. The better explanation is that Mark directs this kind of
language at the out-group or the antagonists. This approach also fits
very well with the cosmic portents in 13,24-45 which, as I argue
elsewhere, are well established metaphors for judgment in early
Judaism (32).
b) Mark 14,62: Who are “You�
In the third and final use of this apocalyptic language, in Mark
14,62, the identity of those who will see this manifestation of God is
unmistakable. Mark explicitly identifies them as the Jewish religious
inquisitors who have occupied the role of the major antagonists in the
story. In response to the interrogation of the temple tribunal, which
consists of the chief priest and the Sanhedrin, Jesus warns them, “you
will see the son of man sitting at the right hand of power, and coming
with the clouds of heavenâ€. Such language, especially when directed at
adversaries, conveys divine judgment in the tradition Dan 7,9-14 and
Ps 110,1, where the “sitting at the right hand of power†is a circum-
locution for not only vindication, but victory over one’s enemies,
usually by means of divinely sanctioned violent action (33). In early
Jewish and Christian eschatological myths, judgment and vindication
are closely bound together. Depending on the context, one can
predominate over the other, which is exactly what occurs in 14,62.
Jesus’ vindication is certainly presupposed, but the emphasis in the
exchange, which infuriates the high priest, is the condemnation leveled
at the establishment (34). In other words, it is not Jesus’ affirmation that
he is a messianic figure which causes the violent response; it is rather
(31) The disciples appear to be identified with oiJ ejklektoiv in 13,20 and 13,22
(32) T.R. HATINA, In Search of a Context. The Function of Scripture in Mark’s
Narrative (SSEJC 8; JSNTSup 232; London 2002) 357-364.
(33) On the “coming of the son of man†as judgment in Mark’s context, see
PESCH, Naherwartungen, 166-72; C.A. EVANS, Mark 8:27–16:20 (WBC 34B;
Nashville 2001) 450-452.
(34) On the Christianization of this imagery, see J. SCHABERG, “Mark 14:62:
Early Christian Merkabah Imagery?â€, Apocalyptic in the New Testament. Essays
in Honor of J. Louis Martyn (ed. J. MARCUS – M.L. SOARDS) (JSNTSup 24;
Sheffield 1989) 69-94.