David I. Yoon, «Prominence and Markedness in New Testament Discourse.», Vol. 26 (2013) 3-26
Paul's testimony of his post-conversion experience in Galatians—the only place in the New Testament this is found—is the starting point for the rest of his polemic against his opponents who avert the gospel he first taught his readers. What is interesting is that he highlights or emphasizes certain portions of his testimony, using the linguistic method of prominence. As others have written already, prominence in Hellenistic Greek is conveyed in many ways, but one major way is by the writer's choice of verbal aspect. By first identifying a theory of prominence in the Greek of the New Testament, the paper then applies that theory to Gal 1:11–2:10 to discover that Paul emphasizes preaching and gospel related items in his testimony.
4 David I. Yoon
the time to be important. Since I was reading the Bible a lot and attending
quite a few bible studies, possibly three in a given week including
Sundays, I was highlighting almost every passage I had read and studied.
This resulted in a large majority of my Bible being highlighted. In fact,
towards the end of my high school period, there was less un-highlighted
material than highlighted material, and the highlighted parts became
almost meaningless. I came to the conclusion in college that every
passage in the Bible was probably important (for various purposes), and
I had to seriously reconsider my highlighting methodology—I decided to
renounce my ways and simply read the Bible without a highlighter in
hand. So I bought a new Bible and resisted my temptation to mark it.
Highlighting, or more broadly emphasizing, is pretty much a universal
phenomenon in communication, whether spoken or written. In spoken
communication, variation in speech is helpful, and even advocated, as
evidenced by the principles in many homiletics classes where speakers
are encouraged to vary intonation to draw emphasis to parts of the
sermon that the speaker wants to emphasize—otherwise we would hear
monotonous sermons that generate little interest from our hearers. In
written communication, there are various ways in which highlighting can
be accomplished. In English, italicized font is one way of emphasizing;
another way is creating a separate paragraph for a pithy statement.
This is usually applicable for prose and less common in academic type
of writing.
Nevertheless, in this paper, I am concerned with how linguistic
highlighting, or prominence, is conveyed in Greek of the New Testament.
This is based on the assumption that certain features of the Greek system
lend themselves to communicating prominence. The way prominence is
communicated in one language will be different in another language; for
example, in Spanish, personal pronouns are not necessary to identify
a subject but they will be used sometimes for emphasis. Estoy viviendo
en Canada (“[I] am living in Canada”) is without an explicit personal
pronoun (“I”), but the first person singular is inherent in the verbal form
(as in Greek). But if the speaker wanted to emphasize the subject of
the sentence, they might say, Yo estoy viviendo en Canada, possibly in
response to a question, ¿Quien esta viviendo en Canada? (“Who is living
in Canada?”). Likewise, the Greek in the New Testament also has certain
linguistic features that convey prominence—and the task of identifying
and analyzing them appears to be a fruitful endeavor in determining
meaning and emphasis in the text. In the first section of this paper, I will
define the meaning of prominence and its associated word markedness,
and outline three major criteria to determine prominence in the Greek of
the New Testament. In the second section of this paper, I will apply these