Iwan M. Whiteley, «Zechariah, Reference and the Structure of Revelation 6-8:1», Vol. 23 (2010) 93-108
This article argues that Rev 6-8:1 is structured on Zech 1-2. It first undertakes a survey of interpretational difficulties that exist in Revelation 6-8:1. It contains a survey of commentators’ views regarding the unit of discourse. Then there is a demonstration that structuring Rev 6-8:1 on Zech 1-2 solves many of the difficulties, notably the rapid shift in scenes in the text. An exploration of the issue of reference ensues with the intention of suggesting that one should import information from Zech 1-2 into Revelation. Consequently, there is an investigation into the meaning of Zech 1-2. Finally, information from this book is imported into Rev 6-8:1.
106 Iwan M. Whiteley
is not surprised at the Isaianic judgment imagery in the opening of the
sixth seal.
It is difficult to refer to Revelation 7 as an interlude any more than one
could refer to Zechariah 2:1-5 as an interlude in its context. The primary
construct that molds the Revelation text is not the 7 seals, but Zech
1-2, although the 7 seals also communicate relevant information. The
Zechariah context would suggest that Rev 7 is a word of encouragement
for the churches to flee from spiritual exile. It can now be seen that there
is no question that the relationship between both visions in Rev 7 is
conjunctive; the 144 000 are the multitude. Rev 7:9-8:1 appears to follow
Zechariah in enthusing the churches by resorting to two emotive images
to draw the people out of spiritual exile. The churches are told that Yahweh
will one day be enthroned over all the earth, “Salvation belongs to our
God, who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb” (Rev 7:10). The sacrifice of
Jesus has future salvic implications, leading to the final Promised Land.
The second emotive image is found in the context of the “seventh seal”.
The language of silence contained in Zechariah demonstrates that there
is no interlude in Revelation. Rather the seventh seal flows naturally from
the preceding verses in Rev 7. Beale’s argument from Hab 2:20, Zeph
1:7 and Zech 2:13 that silence indicates judgment on the ungodly comes
nearest to the meaning of 8:1. However, the underlying principle behind
Zech 2:13 is that people should be silent when someone greater draws
near.61 The Zech 2 context is not essentially talking about the bringing
of judgment because verse 11 says, “Many nations will be joined with
Yahweh in that day”. The focus is on the final redemption of the world,
including the gentiles. The overall rhetorical force of Rev 6-8:1 appears
to be that the churches should not become despondent, or wander away
from Jesus so as to be cast into exile. Although life is difficult, yet God
truly exists and He will one day judge the wicked and inspire a praise
that cannot be surpassed, because of Jesus. His presence will result in
the whole world being in submission to Him and so the churches should
remain faithful.
Conclusion
This article was written so as to further demonstrate that Revelation
has planning and order in the midst of apparent disorder. The focus was
on Rev 6-8:1 and there was a survey of interpretational difficulties in
61
See Oswalt, “hsh”, 1048.