Peter Spitaler, «Doubting in Acts 10:27?», Vol. 20 (2007) 81-93
The verb diakri/nomai occurs twice in the Acts of the Apostles. Many contemporary interpreters assert it means «hesitate/doubt» in 10:20 –a meaning of the middle and passive voices that, according to opinio communis, first surfaces in NT texts– and «contest/dispute» in 11:2, its classical/Hellenistic meaning. In this article, I first discuss and critique the criteria that guide scholars to render diakri/nomai in Acts 10:20 with a meaning that diverges from extra-biblical Greek meaning categories. Next, I investigate the verse within its immediate (10:9-20) and larger literary contexts (10:1-11:18) to show that interpretations of the phrase mhde\n diakrino/menoj that rely on a «NT meaning» of diakri/nomai (i.e., «doubting nothing») have no support in the text. Rather, the placement of Acts 10:20 within its literary context supports a rendering of diakri/nomai in accordance with classical/Hellenistic Greek conventions.
Peter Spitaler
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Fourth, Baumert’s proposal to translate μηδὲν διακÏινόμενος in 10:20,
“in no way distancing yourself†from (Cornelius’ gentile servants24), is sig-
nificant because Baumert confines his interpretation to meaning within
the common Greek language system in which NT Greek partakes. Con-
textually, Baumert’s translation anticipates Peter’s statements in 11:12
and 15:9 that he does not “differentiate†between Gentiles and Jews. Two
aspects of his analysis call for further comment. 1) Quoting the spirit’s
final declaration to Peter, “I have sent themâ€, in support of one’s interpre-
tation of διακÏίνομαι’s meaning (as Baumert does)25 does not prove its
accuracy. Other scholars appeal to the same phrase to argue διακÏίνομαι
means “doubtâ€. 2) Dismissing any link with the middle διακÏίνομαι in
11:2 (“dispute/contestâ€) with the statement, “was aber für unsere Stelle
nicht paßt†(“which does not fit our passageâ€)26, Baumert neither explains
his assertion nor explores possible literary links between these passages.
In the following section, I offer an analysis of Acts 10:20 that also pays
attention to the meaning of the middle, διακÏίνομαι, in classical/Hellen-
istic Greek. However, contrary to Baumert, I suggest translating the verb
“contestâ€, “disputeâ€, or “objectâ€, and the phrase, μηδὲν διακÏινόμενος,
“without contest/dispute/objectionâ€, and attempt to show that the literary
context supports these renderings. In my opinion, the phrase, “without
objectionâ€, expresses continuation with the command/(dis-)obedience
pattern that dominates the vision account (10:9-16). In other words, as
Baumert relates μηδὲν διακÏινόμενος to Peter’s anticipated distancing
himself from Cornelius’ servants, which action the spirit prevents with
a final command, I relate the phrase to Peter’s likely objection to follow
Cornelius’ servants: as Peter objects to the spirit (during the vision), he
must not object to the spirit’s messengers (after the vision)27. Contex-
tually, this interpretation of μηδὲν διακÏινόμενος agrees with Peter’s
persistent objections to the spirit’s commands during his vision (10:9-16),
with Peter’s own report about his trouble-free (ἀναντιÏÏήτως, “without
protestâ€) departure with the servants (10:29), and with Peter’s statement
about the unlawful nature of Jews meeting Gentiles (10:28), with which
he justifies theoretically his readiness to object to Cornelius’ invitation if
the spirit had not intervened.
Forge 1996] 150) suggests either “making no distinctions†or “without doubtingâ€. Johnson
attempts to capture both active and passive text traditions with the translation, “without
debating†(Acts 198).
“Wortspiel†32.
24
“Wortspiel†32.
25
“Wortspiel†31.
26