Fr. Sieg, «The Introductory Formula of Rev 4:1-2a in the Context of Traditions.», Vol. 18 (2005) 33-43
The formula of Rev 4:1-2a is composed of three phrases: 1. "Then, in
my vision, I saw"; 2. "a door open in heaven"; 3. "the same voice... With that,
the Spirit possessed me". The first and the second phrase, which serve to
introduce a new vision, were most likely taken from the Pseudoepigrapha of
the Old Testament, where they find plentiful analogies, as features of literary
style. For the third phrase we cannot find precise parallels in other sources.
The author of the article arrives at the conclusion that the subject of the
voice (4:1c) was the "One who was sitting on the throne" himself, who, by
means of his voice, introduces the visionary into a state of ecstasy.
42 Fr. Sieg
interpretation is corroborated by the purpose of coming to God’s throne
i.e. receiving the revealed message, which consists in the revelation of
future events: “I will show you what is to come in the future†- the knowl-
edge reserved to God only. We should also consider that the voice performs
a different function than voices usually quoted by commentators: Exod
19:16.19; 20:18.19 and Ezek 3:1242. Besides, it would be most unusual for
such special revelation of God and of Jesus Christ - preserved, after the
saving ministry of Jesus was completed, in the Book of Revelation of St
John, which provides a continuation and completion of the Revelation
given in the Old Testament and by Jesus of Nazareth - to be conveyed
merely by an angel. All circumstances mentioned indicate that the voice
in Rev 4:1 comes from the One who was sitting on the throne, just like
in Rev 16:17, where it announces the execution of a sentence43. Also the
voice of 1:10 is more likely to come from God than from Christ - the Son
of Man - as suggested by some authors44. With his voice, God evokes the
ecstatic state and reveals Jesus Christ in his glory, concentrating mainly
on his relation to the Church45.
As far as the nature of the experience itself is concerned - was the
voice audible in a physical sense? - there are many writings on the subject
by competent authors. The contemporary knowledge of mystical phe-
nomena allows for a possibility of inner experience, even if a visionary is
convinced he heard the voice (physically)46.
The question of the ecstatic state. The expression eutheos egenomen
en pneumati (Rev 4:2a) does not contradict eidon (1:10; 4:1), as held by
some authors47, since the state of rapture evoked by the voice is later than
eidon (4:1a). Whereas eidon in 4:1a belongs to the general introductory
formula and refers to the opening of heaven, i.e. constitutes the condition
on which further scenes can be seen, the voice introducing into a state
of ecstasy enables the visionary to see the One who was sitting on the
throne, i.e. refers to the vision itself. This reality is not accessible by natu-
ral means. Man cannot enter it on his own; only God can enable him to
42
Cf. J. Massingberd Ford, Revelation, 70.
43
Rev 17-18 contains the desciptions of the fall of Babylon and the situation after the
sentences have been executed. The author makes use of the traditional motives. Those chap-
ters differ from the context and there are sufficient grounds to consider them as separate
units into the main body. The text of Rev 19 seems to constitute a continuation of Rev 16.
44
Cf. note 34 and 35.
45
Cf. Sieg, ε δον μοιον and Listy. Kom.
46
K. Rahner, Visionen und Prophezeiungen. Zur Mystik und Transzendenzerfahrung
(2. Aufl. hrsg v. J. Sudbrack; Freiburg, etc. 1989); A. Poulain, Des graces d’ oraison. Traité
de théologie mystique (Paris 101922) 311.
47
Cf. W. Bousset, Offenbarung, 243.