Paul Danove, «le&gw Melding In The Septuagint And New Testament», Vol. 16 (2003) 19-31
This study investigates the grammatical phenomenon, le&gw melding,
which arises in particular contexts in which two or three verbs of communication,
one of which usually is le&gw, govern the same object complement.
The study establishes the syntactic, semantic, and lexical requirements of
the verbs of communication that participate in le&gw melding, develops the
distinctive characteristics of this phenomenon, and considers its implications
for translation and the formulation of lexicon entries for the Greek
words of the Septuagint and New Testament.
24 Paul Danove
restriction holds in the eight occurrences in which a verb of commu-
nication is linked with a verb of communication other than λέγω and
28:1, 6; 32:5, 18, 20; 43:16; 44:1; Lev 6:2; Num 28:2; 34:13; 36:5; Deut 1:16; 2:4; 3:18, 21;
27:11; 31:10, 25; Josh 1:10, 11; 3:3, 8; 4:17; 6:10; 8:4, 18; Judg 19:30; 21:10, 20; Ruth 2:15; 1
Sam 18:22; 2 Sam 11:19; 13:28a; 18:5a, 12; 1 Kgs 2:35l; 13:9, 17; 22:31; 2 Kgs 5:5; 16:5; 17:35;
22:12; 23:21; 2 Chr 18:30; 34:20; Tob 14:3 [S]; Sir 24:8; Amos 2:12; Jer 42:6; 43:5; 45:10; Ezek
10:6; 1 Macc 5:19, 42; Matt 17:9; P/Ï€Ïός: 2 Chr 19:9; Luke 14:5); κελεύω (N+dat: 1 Esdr
9:53); λέγω (N+dat: Gen 8:15; 9:8; 23:3; 39:14; 42:14, 37; 43:3a, 5; 50:24; Exod 3:12; 6:6; Josh
1:1; 2:4; 4:1, 15; 6:7; Judg 8:9 [A]; 13:6; 15:13; 1 Kgs 2:30; 12:23, 24y; 13:31; 2 Kgs 17:26; 2
Chr 32:12; Ezra 8:22; Ps 70:10; Jer 35:1; 50:26; 51:20; 1 Macc 2:17; Mark 8:28; 12:26; P/Ï€Ïός:
Gen 21:22; 31:29; 34:4; 47:5; Exod 5:10; 6:10; 7:1, 8; 9:8; 10:1; 12:1, 43; 13:1; 19:21; 35:4; Lev
23:1; Num 3:40; 7:4; 14:7, 26; 15:1, 37; 17:27; 18:1; 20:23; 28:2; 32:2, 25; Deut 1:9; Josh 2:3;
9:11; 21:2; Judg 19:22; 1 Sam 7:3; 11:14; 12:6; 26:6; 2 Sam 3:17; 17:6; 1 Kgs 1:11, 13; 12:23,
24y; 13:21; 20:17; 2 Kgs 22:10; 2 Chr 11:3; Job 34:31; Hagg 2:2, 20, 21; Zech 1:14, 17; 2:8a;
3:4; 4:4, 6; 7:3; Jer 33:12; 35:13; Luke 14:3); παÏαγγέλλω (N+dat: 1 Kgs 12:6; Matt 10:5); and
συντάσσω (N+dat: Gen 26:11; Exod 1:22; 5:6; 31:13; Josh 4:3; Jer 39:13). Second complement
of the verb of communication null and second complement of λέγω lexically realized (103
occurrences = 46 in LXX and 57 in NT): ἀποκÏίνομαι (N+dat: Gen 27:37, 39; 31:14, 31, 43;
40:18; 42:22; Num 22:18; 23:26; Deut 27:14; Ruth 2:11; 1 Sam 1:17; 1 Kgs 2:22; Ezra 10:2;
Tob 2:14; 5:1, 10; Cant 2:10; Joel 2:19; Isa 14:10; Dan 2:5, 26; 3:16; 5:13; 6:13; 7:16; DanTh
2:5, 26, 47; 3:14, 16a; 1 Macc 2:17; 15:33; Matt 11:4; 12:39, 48; 13:11; 15:3, 15, 28; 16:2, 17;
17:4; 19:27; 21:21, 24; 22:29; 24:2, 4; 25:26, 40; 26:33; 27:21; 28:5; Mark 6:37; 8:29; 9:5; 10:3,
24; 11:14, 22; 14:48; 15:12; Luke 1:19, 35; 3:11, 16; 4:8, 12; 7:22; 10:41; 11:45; 13:2, 8, 14,
25; 15:29; 17:37; Acts 19:15; Rev 7:13; P/Ï€Ïός: Judg 18:14; 1 Sam 26:6; 2 Sam 14:18; 2 Kgs
1:10; 2 Chr 34:15; Amos 7:14; Zech 1:10; 3:4; 4:5, 6, 11; 6:4; Matt 3:15; Luke 5:22, 31; 7:40;
8:21; 20:3; 24:18; Acts 4:19); λέγω (N+dat: Luke 13:27; P/Ï€Ïός: 1 Sam 20:21; Luke 20:2).
Second complement of the verb of communication null and second complement of λÎγω null
(166 occurrences = 117 in LXX and 49 in NT): αἰτέω (N+dat: Mark 6:25); ἀναγγέλλω (1
Sam 27:11; 2 Sam 19:9); ἀπαγγέλλω (2 Kgs 9:18, 20; 10:8; 1 Macc 5:14; Acts 5:22; 22:26);
ἀποκÏίνομαι (Gen 18:9, 27; 24:50; Exod 4:1; 19:8; 21:5; 24:3; Num 11:28; 32:31; Deut 21:7;
25:9; 26:5; 27:15; Josh 24:16; Judg 7:14; 20:4; Ruth 2:6; 1 Sam 1:15; 4:17; 9:21; 10:12; 14:28;
16:18; 22:9; 1 Sam 26:14b, 22; 30:22; 2 Sam 1:16; 13:32; 19:22; 20:20; 1 Kgs 1:28, 43; 3:26, 27;
18:24; 21:4, 11; 2 Kgs 1:12; 3:11; 7:2, 18; 2 Chr 29:31; Ezra 10:12; Neh 8:6; Tob 2:3; 5:3, 13
[S]; Esth 7:3; Job 1:9; Hag 2:12, 13, 14; Zech 1:6, 12; 6:5; Isa 21:9; Jer 11:5; 51:15; Ezek 9:11;
Dan 2:7; 4:30; DanTh 2:7, 8, 10, 27; 3:95; 4:19a, 19b, 30; 5:10 [A], 17; 6:14; 1 Macc 1:19; 8:19;
10:55; 13:8; Matt 4:4; 11:25; 13:37; 15:13, 24, 26; 16:16; 17:11, 17; 19:4; 20:22; 21:29, 30; 25:9,
44; 26:23, 25, 66; 27:25; Mark 12:35; Luke 1:60; 5:5; 7:43; 9:19, 20, 41, 49; 10:27; 11:7; 17:17;
19:40; 20:39; 22:51; 23:40; Acts 5:29; 8:24, 37; 15:13); διαλογίζομαι (Matt 16:7; 21:25; Luke
5:21; 12:17); διασαφέω (2 Macc 7:6); á¼Î½Ï„έλλομαι (2 Kgs 14:6; 17:27; 2 Chr 25:4); á¼Ï€Î±Î³Î³á½³Î»Î»Ï‰
(Heb 12:26); κηÏύσσω (Exod 32:5; 36:6; 2 Chr 36:22; Ezra 2:20; Esth 6:9, 11; Jon 3:4; Matt
10:7; Mark 1:7); λέγω (Gen 17:17; 23:10b; Exod 15:1; 32:12; Num 11:27; 14:15, 17; Deut 9:4,
28; Judg 15:2; 1 Sam 10:18; 20:18; 27:1; 2 Chr 32:17; Hagg 1:2; Jer 35:11; 37:2; 50:2a; Ezek
16:44; 28:9; Luke 7:39); παÏαγγέλλω (Ezra 1:1); and Ï€Ïοστάσσω (Exod 36:6; Deut 27:1).
The verb, á¼Ï€Î¹Ï„ιμάω with the connotation “rebukeâ€, requires only two complements, an agent
and a patient (what is acted upon) and so does not constitute a verb of communication as
defined above. Thus, the occurrence of á¼Ï€Î¹Ï„ιμάω + λέγω in á¼Ï€ÎµÏ„ίμησεν Ï„á¿· πνεύματι Ï„á¿·
ἀκαθάÏτῳ λέγων αá½Ï„á¿·... (he rebuked the unclean spirit saying to it..., Mark 9:25) does not
constitute an instance of λέγω melding; and the occurrence of ἀποκÏίνομαι + á¼Ï€Î¹Ï„ιμάω +
φημί in ἀποκÏιθεὶς δὲ ὠἕτεÏος á¼Ï€Î¹Ï„ιμῶν αá½Ï„á¿· ἔφη... (but the other responding, rebuking
him, was saying..., Luke 23:40) constitutes an occasion of λέγω melding only with respect
to the first and third verbs.
FOLLOW US