Patrick A. Tiller, «Reflexive Pronouns in the New Testament», Vol. 14 (2001) 43-63
The purpose of this study is to answer two basic
questions concerning reflexive and reciprocal pronouns in the New
Testament: (1) What are the syntactic constraints on reflexives, that
determine when they may be used? (2) What are the semantic constraints
that determine when in fact they are used? In answering the first question
the author considers both reflexives and reciprocals and discuss the whole
NT; for the second, the author attempts to suggest answers for third
person reflexives and based only on the Pauline Epistles commonly
recognized as authentic.
Reflexive Pronouns in New Testament 55
The next example is similar.
Acts 26:3 dio; devomai makroquvmw~ ajkou`saiv mou.
Wherefore I-ask patiently to-hear me.
Wherefore I ask you to listen to me patiently.
Finally, a logophoric verb must portray the thought as consciously
present to the mind of the thinker. In other words, the verb must refer not
to physical perception, but intellectual perception.
Luke 8:46 egw; ga;r e]gnwn duvnamin ejxelhluqui`an ajp’ ejmou`.
j
I for perceived power having-gone-out from me.
In this example, although the participle is complementary, it is not
logophoric because it represents not the thought of the subject but his
feeling. The sentence does not mean, «I consider it to be a fact that power
has gone out from me,» but, «I felt power going out from me.»
The above examples show that the verbal complement must contain a
thought that the speaker or thinker (not the hearer) holds to be an actu-
ality and not merely a potentiality. Further the thought must be present-
ed as actually present to the mind of the speaker/thinker as opposed to
something felt or understood by him. Luke 20:20 above can now be
explained on this basis.
Luke 20:20 kai; parathrhvsante~ ajpevsteilan ejgkaqevtou~ uJpokrinomevnou~
and lying-in-wait they-sent spies pretending
eautou~ dikaivou~ ei\nai ...
J ;
themselves righteous to-be ...
In this example, the spies do not really think that they are righteous. They
are not, however, thinking of their righteousness as a potentiality but as a false
actuality or reality, which they wish to portray. Consequently, a logophoric
verb does not need to portray something that the subject holds to be true but
only what is claimed to be an actuality from his or her point of view.
Definition 3 A logophoric verb is a verb of saying or thinking that
(revised) takes a complement clause which contains the
thought or expression of the subject. The comple-
ment clause must be either an infinitival or participi-
al clause. The thought or expression must be some-
thing that the speaker or thinker holds or at least pre-
tends to be an actuality and not merely a potentiality.
Blass’s observation that only infinitives that lack the article take reflex-
ive pronouns can now be explained. The reason that articular infinitives
never have a reflexive pronoun as subject is that they are never used as the
complement of a logophoric verb.