Heath Dewrell, «How Tamar's Veil Became Joseph's Coat», Vol. 97 (2016) 161-174
The phrase 'ysp(h) tntk' appears in two biblical narratives: the Joseph story (Genesis 37) and the Tamar and Amnon story (2 Samuel 13). While the phrase is usually translated 'coat of many colours' or 'long-sleeved garment', this examination argues that the original significance of the term is to be found in its context in 2 Samuel 13, where it is said to be a garment worn by virgin princesses, an argument supported by comparative material from the Middle Assyrian Laws. The garment's appearance in the Joseph narrative is likely secondary, ultimately deriving from the Tamar and Amnon story.
168 HEATH DEWRELL
any sort of “special” coat. In short, unlike in the Tamar narrative, the
fact that Joseph’s garment is specifically a ~ysp(h) tntk ultimately
plays no real role in the story.
If this fact (i.e., that the identity of the @swy tntk as a ~ysp(h) tntk
is an extraneous detail) were the only reason to be suspicious of its
presence in the story, then one would still have little reason for ques-
tioning its presence here. However, there is also highly suggestive,
text-critical evidence that the original narrative did not include this
detail. In Gen 37,23b, MT reads:
wyl[ rXa ~ysph tntk ta wtntk ta @swy ta wjyXpyw
“They stripped Joseph of his garment, ~ysph tntk, which was upon him”.
Here, somewhat oddly, the garment is named twice: once as simply
“his garment” (wtntk ta) and then again immediately afterward as
~ysph tntk ta. The LXX, however, reads:
evxe,dusan to.n Iwshf to.n citw/na to.n poiki,lon to.n peri. auvto,n.
“They stripped Joseph of to.n citw/na to.n poiki,lon which was upon him”.
That is, LXX apparently lacks “his garment”, present in MT, and
only translates ~ysph tntk. There are three possible explanations for the
variant: (1) the ancestor text of MT and LXX read only ~ysph tntk ta,
and MT has glossed the phrase with wtntk ta. This seems unlikely,
though, as no new information would be provided by the gloss. Would
anyone have needed to have it explained that “~ysph tntk, which was
upon him” was indeed “his garment”? (2) The ancestor text of MT and
LXX read both wtntk ta and ~ysph tntk, and LXX has omitted the for-
mer, either intentionally, to eliminate a redundancy in the text, or unin-
tentionally, committing a haplography occasioned by homoioarcton.
This is a possibility that cannot be ruled out, but I believe that there
is a better explanation, namely: (3) The text originally read wtntk ta,
but a later scribe, intentionally or not, altered this phrase to ~ysph tntk,
creating a textual variant. This variant would then represent the Vorlage
of LXX. MT, however, represents a conflation of the original reading
and the variant. The original reading is no longer attested in any textual
witness, but can be inferred from the combined evidence of LXX and
MT. In sum:
(original reading) wyl[ rXa wtntk ta @swy ta wjyXpyw
(scribal alteration; LXX Vorlage) wyl[ rXa ~ysph tntk ta @swy ta wjyXpyw
(conflation of the two; MT) wyl[ rXa ~ysph tntk ta wtntk ta @swy ta wjyXpyw