Thijs Booij, «Psalms 120–136: Songs for a Great Festival.», Vol. 91 (2010) 241-255
Psalms 120–134, the 'Songs of Ascents', are a functional unity. In early rabbinical tradition concerning the Great Hallel, they seem to be linked with Psalms 135 and 136; in the texts themselves this connection is quite clear. The Songs, as a collection, and the two psalms of praise apparently stem from the later post-exilic period, when they were used during the festival of Sukkoth. The Songs were recited in processions to the sanctuary; the psalms of praise were part of the liturgy proper.
242 TH. BOOIJ
have no words or forms representative of psalm language 3, while
nine of them have two such elements at most 4.
By their style and their poetic form, too, the texts differ from
traditional psalms in several respects 5. Poetic parallelism is
relatively rare in them. The verse rhythm of 3+3 accents is not
nearly as common as it is elsewhere in the psalms, while the
so-called Qina metre is well represented 6. Several words and forms
are not in accordance with usual literary idiom; they may reflect
colloquial language 7. Word repetition is uncommonly frequent,
especially as applied in anadiplosis 8 and anaphora 9. The use of the
tenses is noteworthy as well. In the psalms the tenses are generally
used, to a great extent, in an archaic, non-temporal manner 10. In
Psalms 120-134 the usage largely agrees with that of prose texts.
A datum relating to the foregoing is the absence of traditional
textual types. Songs of Prayer, individual and collective, Hymns,
and Songs of Thanksgivings are the most characteristic psalm
texts. Among Psalms 120–134 these types are missing 11. Elements
Thus Pss 129 and 133.
3
Thus in Ps 121 fwm, “be moved, slip†(v. 3) ; in Ps 122 Hy (v. 4) ; in
4
Ps 123 –nj, “show favour, have mercy†(vv. 2, 3); in Ps 124 rb[ as “go over,
overpower †(vv. 4, 5); in Ps 126 hnr as “jubilation†(vv. 2, 5, 6); in Ps 127
yrva, “happy who ...†(v. 5) ; in Ps 128 yrva (vv. 1, 2) and Èrb pi., “blessâ€
(v. 5) ; in Ps 131 Èlh pi., “go†(v. 1), and ljy pi., “hope†(v. 3) ; in Ps 134 Èrb
pi. (vv. 1, 2, 3).
For an elaborate survey of the use of words, syntactical forms,
5
phrasings, modes of expression and figures of speech in Pss 120–134 see
H. VIVIERS, “The Coherence of the ma‘alôt Psalms â€, ZAW 106 (1994)
275-289, esp. 278-283.
See especially Pss 122; 126; 128; 129.
6
This applies to the circumscription of genitival relationship in
7
Ps 123,4b ; the construction v . . .ylwl (“ if not... thatâ€) in Ps 124,1.2 ; the
element al –[ml (“ so that notâ€, instead of –p, “lestâ€) in Ps 125,3 ; the plural
μhydy (“ their handsâ€, not μdy, “their handâ€) with jlv (“ stretch outâ€) in
Ps 125,3 ; the construction μtwblb μyrvy (“ those upright in their heartsâ€, instead
of blAyrvy, “the upright of heartâ€) in Ps 125,4 ; the form –wah yl[p (instead of
–wa yl[p, “those working mischiefâ€) in Ps 125,5 ; the word bg for “back†in
Ps 129,3.
Ps 120,6-7 ; 121,1-2.3-4.4-5; 122,2-3.4a.5; 123,2-3.3-4; 124,4-5.
8
Ps 121,3.5.7-8; 122,5.8-9; 123,2; 124,3-5; 126,2-3; 127,1-2; 128,5-6; 131,2.
9
See Th. BOOIJ, “Psalm cxxxix: Text, Syntax, Meaningâ€, VT 55 (2005) 1-2.
10
Cf. M. MANNATI, “Les Psaumes Graduels constituent-ils un genre
11
littéraire distinct à l’intérieur du psautier biblique?â€, Sem 29 (1979) 86-87.