1 Cor 9,5: The Women of the Apostles 365 that of the late second century in Alexandria. Clement’s picture also reflects Vitruvius’ distinction between the structure of Greek and Roman houses (62). The situation may not be so clear. Vitruvius wrote in I B.C.E., so the distinction, at least for aristocratic Greeks who could afford such large homes, might be of some relevance for Paul’s time(63). Cornelius Nepos (also of I B.C.E.) writes that No Roman would hesitate to take his wife to a dinner party, or to allow the mother of his family to occupy the first rooms in his house and to walk about in public. The custom in Greece is completely different; a woman cannot appear at a party unless it is among her relatives; she can only sit in the interior of the house, which is called the women’s quarters (gynaeconitis); this no male can enter unless he is a close relation (64). The wide-ranging use of gynaeconitis (women’s quarters) in Greek literature of all periods is another argument against limiting Clement’s vision to “second century Alexandria” (65). Philo uses it of Gaius’ survey of homes in Rome (66). Plutarch places Caesar’s wife in the women’s quarters (67). In that text a scandal occurred when a young man was found there with bad intentions. (62) OSIEK – BALCH, Families in the New Testament World, 170, 6-10, 27-34 with reference to Vitruvius, De arch. 6.7.1-5 and Clement, Str. 3.6.52. MACDONALD, “Was Celsus Right?”, 168) refers to the marriages in Clement (3.6.53.3) as “spiritual” and points out that Clement’s view that women only ministered to other women was an acceptable division of labor for the end of the second century (cp. ConstAp 3.16.1-2 [SC 329; 154,1-156,13 METZGER] for a similar ministry of deaconesses). (63) R. ALSTON, The City in Roman and Byzantine Egypt (London – New York 2002) 82, however, includes four plans of Greek houses (from various periods), and none of them conforms to Vitruvius’ idealized picture, nor does the plan of the house from Kellis illustrated in Ibid., 106. He notes that “there was no ‘standard Greek house plan’” (Ibid., 81). (64) Cornelius Nepos, Vitae praef. 6. quem enim Romanorum pudet uxorem ducere in conuiuium? aut cuius non mater familias primum locum tenet aedium atque in celebritate uersatur? quod multo fit aliter in Graecia. nam neque in conuiuium adhibetur nisi propinquorum, neque sedet nisi in interiore parte aedium, quae gynaeconitis appellatur, quo nemo accedit nisi propinqua cognatione coniunctus. Trans. of LEFKOWITZ – FANT, Women’s Life, § 209. (65) 247 uses of the gunaikwni'ti" in the TLG. It also appears in inscriptions from Delos (e.g. IG XI/2 § 204.32 [268 B.C.E.], a lease of the women’s quarters of a house owned by a temple). Another synonym is hJ gunaikeiva (gynaceum in Latin). (66) Philo, Leg. 358. (67) Plutarch, Caes. 9.3.