The “Command of the Lord” in 1 Cor 14,37 47 the first place (1 Thess 4,9; Gal 5,13; 6,10; Rom 12,10; 13,8; cf. Matthew 18; Mark 9,42-50; Luke 17,1-4), but also everybody, even enemies (Rom 12,17- 21; cf. Gal 6,10; 1 Thess 3,12; 5,12; cf. Matt 5,43-48 par.); avoiding offence to the weak (Romans 14–15; 1 Cor 8–10; cf. Matt 18,6-9 par.); serving others in humility by putting oneself last (Phil 2,1-11; Rom 14,4-12; 1 Cor 9,19.22; cf. Matt 20,25-28 par.; 23,12 par.; Luke 22,24-27); the unheard-of equality of women and Gentiles in the people of God (Gal 3,28; cf. Luke 10,38-42; Matt 8,11; 28,19 par.); the concern for the poor (1 Cor 13,3; 2 Corinthians 8–9; cf. Matt 19,21 par.; Luke 12,33); forgiving one another as Christ forgave us (Col 3,12-14; cf. Matt 6,12.14-15; 18,23-35); receiving one another (Rom 14,1; 15,7; cf. Matt 18,5 par.; 19,13-15; Luke 15,2); not judging one another (Rom 14,3.13; cf. Matt 7,1 par.). These close parallels in the teaching of Jesus strongly suggest that Paul’s teaching on these subjects does indeed reflect Jesus tradition which he knew and taught in his churches. It follows that in 1 Cor 14,37, too, Paul could be alluding to Jesus’ teaching on love in general. b) Matt 7,21-23 David Wenham goes even further in suggesting that a more specific Jesus tradition might form the background of 1 Cor 14,37-38, namely Matt 7,21- 23(26). Matt 7,21 first states the general rule that not the mere claim of submitting to the lordship of Jesus (27) leads to participation in the kingdom of heaven, but only the corresponding practice of the will of Jesus’ heavenly Father. The “will of the Father” is the Old Testament law as interpreted by the teaching of Jesus. This is shown by the emphasis on Jesus’ own teaching in the parallel in Luke (6,46: “what I tell you”) (28) and also in the context of Matthew’s Sermon on the Mount (cf. 5,21-48: “I say to you”; 7,24-27: (26) Dr David Wenham, Oxford, Letter from 11 October 2004. (27) It is likely that in the Matthean context “Lord, Lord” is more than a mere address of respect, it addresses the Son of Man as judge of the world, see U. LUZ, Matthew 1–7. A Commentary (Minneapolis 1989) 444; W.D. DAVIES – D.C. ALLISON, The Gospel According to Saint Matthew (ICC; London 1988) I, 713. In its original pre-Easter setting the sentence at least “expressed Jesus’ … conviction that his inspired words required whole-hearted obedience” (ibid.). (28) Many regard Luke’s version as more original. In the same place in Jesus’ inaugural sermon (between the passages about the good and bad trees and the two houses) Luke has only a parallel to Matt 7,21; a parallel to Matt 7,22-23 is found in Luke 13,26-27 as part of the parable of the door (13,22-30). Here the people claiming to be disciples say nothing about charismatic performances but remind Jesus of their fellowship with him (“we ate and drank with you, and you taught in our streets”). It is possible that Matthew combined the two passages into a new unit, reworking them thoroughly (there are some signs of possible Matthean redaction in the parts particular to Matthew; thus the opinion of the majority of commentators). It is also possible that Matthew knew a different tradition which was very close to the two Lukan passages. The often-mentioned argument that Luke 13,26-27 reflects a pre-Easter setting (i.e. the Jewish audience of Jesus) whereas Matt 7,22 reflects the situation of the early church (thus e.g. LUZ, Matthew 1–7, 441) is not fully convincing since, as J. Schniewind points out, charismatic manifestations of the Spirit were an integral part of Jesus’ own ministry and were at times experienced by his disciples before Easter. For Schniewind, Luke 13,23-30 in turn is a combination of several originally independent sayings, e.g. Luke 13,25 an abbreviation of Matt 25,1-13, see Das Evangelium nach Matthäus (NTD 2; Göttingen 51950) 103. So the tradition process might have been more complicated than a simple Matthean redaction of two Q passages. For independent extra- biblical versions of the first part, see DAVIES – ALLISON, Matthew, I, 712-713.