Dean B. Deppe, «Markan Christology and the Omission of υἱοῦ θεοῦ in Mark 1:1», Vol. 21 (2008) 45-64
In the last years a new consensus has arisen in textual critical circles that favors the omission of 'Son of God' from the prologue of Mark’s gospel.
The new angle by which I want to approach this problem is to investigate its significance for Markan Christology. I will argue that the shorter Markan prologue, 'The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ' does not sufficiently capture Mark’s theology of the person of Jesus. The paper includes two sections, the first discussing Markan Christology and the second evaluating the textual evidence. In the Christological section I first challenge the assertion that Peter’s confession of Jesus’ Messiahship (8:27-30) is the turning point of the Gospel of Mark. Then I demonstrate that an additional title like suffering Son of Man or Son of God is necessary to adequately capture Mark’s Christology. Finally, I argue that Matthew and John have similarly positioned crucial Christological titles in the prologues of their gospels. In the textual critical section I provide evidence for the inclusion of 'Son of God' at Mk. 1:1 and argue that the omission of this title in a few manuscripts must have occurred through periblepsis occasioned by homoioteleuton.
Markan Christology and the Omission Of υἱοῦ θεοῦ in Mark 1:1 63
Hurtado maintains, “some scribes may well not have understood fully
either the function or even the technique involvedâ€74. Judge and Pickering
rightly conclude that “reverence for certain words played a part†in the
origin of this scribal practice but later on “it gathered its own esteem
and was followed for its own sakeâ€75. Therefore, the later major uncials
like Codex Sinaiticus would have employed the nomina sacra only by
convention and not to call special attention to various terms76.
Regarding Head’s second contention, the beginning of a new day of
work for copyists cannot be equated with starting to copy a new scroll or
book of the Bible. There are no indications that when a scribe concluded
transcribing a particular Biblical book, his work for that day was finish-
ed. Furthermore, if we consider the corrections to the manuscript of
Codex Sinaiticus, we discover additional errors in the beginning of Mark
such as the skipping of the short word καί before á¼Î²Î±Ï€Ï„ίζοντο in Mk. 1:5
and an apparent example of homoioarcton in 1:11 with the omission of
á¼Î³á½³Î½ÎµÏ„ο before á¼Îº which is again corrected by the διοÏθωτής77. If Peter
Head and Bart Ehrman are correct, one would expect substantially fewer
textual problems at the beginning of the Gospel of Mark, but the Stutt-
gart Electronic Bible in its discussion of textual problems omits only four
verses (1:12,17,19,22) of the 45 verses of Mark 178. Finally, with regard to
the Book of Revelation in Codex A, Philip Comfort reports that “Codex
A is full of accidental omissions, especially in the first half of the book.
The scribe of A seems to have been very fatigued and / or inattentive
when copying the first half of Revelationâ€79. Therefore, the alertness of
an individual scribe does not depend upon what part of a document he
is copying.
Larry Hurtado, The Earliest Christian Artifacts: Manuscripts and Christian Origins
74
(Grand Rapids: Eerdmans 2006) 128.
Edwin A. Judge and Stuart R. Pickering, “Biblical Papyri Prior to Constantine: Some
75
Cultural Implications of Their Physical Formâ€, Prudentia 10 (1978): 7-8.
Philip Comfort, Encountering the Manuscripts: An Introduction to New Testament
76
Paleography and Textual Criticism (Nashville: Broadman and Holman 2005) 253 contends
that “Scribes wrote these names with special regard, and readers (lectors) uttered these
names with special attention in church meetings as they read the Scriptures aloud,†but
Hurtado, Christian Artifacts, concludes that they were particularly if not exclusively a
visual phenomenon and that “Robert’s suggestion that lectors of biblical texts may have
made some gesture of ‘obeisance’ where the nomina sacra appear has no corroboration in
anything that I know of early Christian reading and worship practicesâ€.
Another example of homoioteleuton found early in a gospel is at Lk. 2:15. See J.W.
77
Burgon and E. Miller, The Causes of the Corruption of the Traditional Text of the Holy
Gospels (London: George Bell and Sons 1896) 36.
Stuttgarter Elektronische Studienbibel, eds. Christof Hardmeier, Eep Talstra, Bertram
78
Salzmann (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft 2004). Metzger investigates 13 variants in
his Textual Commentary on Mark 1.
Comfort, Encountering the Manuscripts, 319.
79