John C. Poirier, «'Day and Night' and the Sabbath Controversy of John 9.», Vol. 19 (2006) 113-119
This article provides a new argument for an alternative punctuation of Jn
9,3-4, associating “the works of Him who sent me” with what follows rather
than what precedes. Rather than being allusions to his departure from this
world, Jesus’ references to working “while it is day” and not working “when
night comes” refer to a literal nightfall, formulated in a way that undermines
the pharisaic halakha of Sabbath observance (for which nightfall frees one to
resume working). This interpretation is supported by the fact that Jesus has
the blind man break the Sabbath as visibly as possible.
118 John C. Poirier
Undoubtedly, the reason “day†and “night†are so regularly interpreted
in a grander fashion — viz., as metaphorical for Christ’s bodily presence
and absence from this world — is that vv. 3-4 have been read in close
connection with v. 5: “As long as I am in the world, I am the light of
the worldâ€. This verse is almost always taken as an explanation of Jesus’
preceding reference to a day and an approaching night. But a closer look
raises doubts as to whether v. 5 was intended to be read that way. More
likely, Jesus’ reference to being “the light of the world†was intended as
an introduction to the miracle he was about to perform, that of bringing
sight to a blind man. In the words of Leon Morris, the language of v. 5
“initiates the story of the miracle in which Jesus (...) brings light into [a
man’s] lifeâ€13. In other words, the reference to “light†in v. 5 was perhaps
not intended to be linked with the reference to “day†in v. 4. A moment’s
reflection on the logic of Jesus’ words supports this interpretation: if Jesus
equated “night†with his approaching departure from this world, then he
essentially tells his disciples that “we†must work the works of God before
he (Jesus) departs from this world. While that is certainly possible, it
makes his use of “we†rather strange, for why would Jesus include himself
in a group that he says will soon be experiencing nightfall if in fact his
own departure is what constituted that nightfall? The problem is greater
than that of “an anomalous mixture of pronouns†(Fortna)14—the “we†is
made inappropriate, on this reading, by the way this reading construes
the symbol of nightfall. (And on this construal of “nightâ€, would not
the “greater works†promised in Jn 14,12 be worked after “nightfall�)
Substituting “I†(á¼Î¼á½³) for “we†(as in a1 A C Θ Ψ et al) is hardly an
improvement, as the reference to “no man†then becomes nonsense15. It
makes more sense, in my opinion, to treat v. 5 as the beginning of a
new paragraph, whose symbolism does not answer to the language of the
preceding verses.
It might be objected that associating “day†and “night†with a Sabbath
setting works perfectly well with the text as traditionally punctuated, and
therefore does not constitute a support for my suggested repunctuation.
But if this heightened understanding of Jesus’ breaking of the Sabbath
corresponds at all with the intention of the narrative, then correlating
Jesus’ claim that the works of God must be worked “while it is day†with
guaranteeing the visibility of those works lines up with Jesus’ intention
L. Morris “The Relation of the Signs and the Discourses in Johnâ€, in W. C. Weinrich
13
(ed.), The New Testament Age: Essays in Honor of Bo Reicke (Macon 1984) 363-72, esp. 368.
R. T. Fortna, The Fourth Gospel and Its Predecessor: From Narrative Source to
14
Present Gospel (Philadelphia 1988) 111.
It goes without saying that substituting “us†(ἡμᾶς) for “me†(as in P66, 75 L W et al)
15
bursts the bounds of Johannine theology.