46 Victor (Sung-Yul) Rhee dence is equivalent to not forsaking the high priestly work of Christ, who offered Himself up for sins once for all (7:27; 9:12; 10:10) and intercedes for believers (7:24–25). Understanding παρρησία in the broad context allows one to realize that 10:35 is essentially a call to hold fast the faith in Jesus Christ. Hebrews’ use of παρρησία is not different from that of Paul. Just as Paul’s use of the term is closely related to faith in Jesus, Hebrews utilizes it in relation to Christology.41 In this sense, faith in Hebrews is as Christological as Paul’s concept of faith. With a Christological exhortation in the center, the author arranges the ethical element of perseverance both in 10:32–34 (1/2 or I) and 10:36–39 (1’/2’ or I’). In this proposed structure, layers 1 and 1’ are parallel to each other in that both express the thought of salvation; while 1 describes the initial moment of salvation (i.e., φωτισθέντες in v. 32), 1’ brings out the idea of eschatological salvation (πίστεως εἰς περιποίησιν ψυχῆς in v. 39). Moreover, 1’ also points out that those who have endured a hard struggle in the past (1) are identified as the ones who have secured their soul by faith. Layers 2 and 2’ are also parallel to each other in that, while the former emphasizes the endurance they had suffered in the past, the latter stresses the need of endurance at the present time. Moreover, the eschatological promise of the reward for endurance in both layers suggests that 2 and 2’ are parallel in thought. The analysis of the outer sections of the chiasm indicates that the ethical element of faith is clearly emphasized. Faith in this passage is perseverance (i.e., enduring persecutions and hardship). However, it should also be reminded that this ethical exhortation is based on the Christological orientation of faith in 10:35. In other words, the ethical element of steadfastness revolves around the author’s exhortation not to throw away their confidence in Christ. For the author of Hebrews Christology is the starting point of faith, and faith does not exist without Christology. More specifically, an examination of 10:36–39 reveals that faith in Hebrews also involves the ethical element of steadfastness. This is clearly indicated by the combination of the word πίστις with faith-related terms. For example, the relationship between verses 36 and 39 shows that πίστις is equivalent to endurance (ὑπομονή). The connection between verses 37 and 38 also suggests that πίστις is “not shrinking back,” which is another way of expressing the idea of endurance. Hence, Grässer’s assertion that Some examples of Paul’s use of παρρησία: (1) access in boldness (παρρησία) and 41 confidence through faith in Him (Eph 3:12); (2) with all boldness Christ will be exalted (Phil. 1:20); (3) Great boldness in the faith that is in Jesus Christ (1 Tim 3:13); bold enough in Christ to commend you (Phil. 1:8).