Victor Rhee, «Christology, Chiasm, And The Concept Of Faith In Hebrews 10:19-39», Vol. 16 (2003) 33-48
In recent years some scholars have proposed that, while Paul’s concept of
faith has Jesus as its object in a soteriological sense, Hebrews lacks the idea
of Jesus being the object of faith. However, a close examination of Hebrews
10:19-39 demonstrates that the author of Hebrews has Jesus as the object of
faith for believers, even if it is not expressed in terms of 'faith in Christ.
36 Victor (Sung-Yul) Rhee
This diagram shows that the sentence structure of this passage is
artistically arranged, in such a way that the main point is in the middle,
with two participial clauses before and after it.8
In the main clause (10:22a) the author calls for the readers to respond
to God by faith: namely, to draw near with a true heart in assurance of
faith. The word Ï€ÏοσÎÏχομαι (to draw near) should be understood as
an expression of the new relationship with God in Christ.9 This idea is
supported by the phrase πληÏοφοÏία πίστεως. It indicates that drawing
near to God is the response of faith on the part of believers. The word
πληÏοφοÏία literally means “supreme fullness.â€10 In Hebrews it is used
with reference to “hope†(6:11) and faith (10:22). In these two verses
πληÏοφοÏία has the meaning of “full assurance.†The phrase “full as-
surance of faith,†along with “full assurance of hope,†is a description
of the certainty and stability of Christians as a result of the work of
Christ which made it possible for them to remain loyal to him.11 The
relation of faith to hope is essentially identical. While “fullness of hopeâ€
(πληÏοφοÏία τῆς á¼Î»Ï€Î¯Î´Î¿Ï‚) expresses the goal of the Christian, “fullness
of faith†(πληÏοφοÏία πίστεως) suggests the condition or means for it.12
Thus it can be concluded that the author’s exhortation to draw near to
God is a clear call to be faithful to God.
One must also note that this exhortation to draw near with assurance
of faith (10:22a) is closely related to Christology. The above structure
reveals that the exhortation is surrounded by the doctrine of Christ’s
high priesthood in the beginning (vv. 19–21) and the end (v. 22bc). In
the beginning part (vv. 19–21), the author provides two reasons for the
readers to draw near to God by the use of the participle ἔχοντες.
The first reason is that we have παÏÏησία in entering the sanctu-
ary by the blood of Jesus (vv. 19–20). Delitzsch understands the word
παÏÏησία in a subjective sense, rendering it ‘joyful confidence or feeling
Please note that v. 21 does not have a participle in Greek text. However, it is obvious
8
that the participle ἔχοντες is implied. For this reason I am considering this verse as a
participial clause. The word in the bracket is added to clarify the meaning.
D. Peterson, Hebrews and Perfection: An Examination of the Concept of Perfection
9
in the ‘Epistle to the Hebrews’, Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series 47
(Cambridge 1982) 155.
G. Delling, “πληÏοφοÏία,†in G. Friedrich(ed.), Theological Dictionary of the New
10
Testament, tr. G. W. Bromiley (Grand Rapids 1968) 6, 310-1.
W.L. Lane, Hebrews 9-13, Word Biblical Commentary (Dallas, 1991), 286.
11
G.W. Macrae, “Heavenly Temple and Eschatology in the Letter to the Hebrewsâ€,
12
Semeia 12 (1978) 193.