05_Tack_copiaaaaa_85-112 28/04/15 12:35 Pagina 89 A FACE REFLECTING GLORY 89 formation happens: by the words avpo. do,xhj eivj do,xan that modify how the transformation proceeds, and by the phrase kaqa,per avpo. kuri,ou pneu,matoj that indicates the source of this metamorphosis. The meaning of 2 Cor 3,18 is, however, mainly determined by the translation of the participle katoptrizo,menoi. In the past cen- tury, two possibilities have been considered: “to behold as in a mir- ror” or “to reflect as a mirror”. Both options are also present in the contemporary dictionaries. Liddle-Scott-Jones appears to have a slight preference for the translation “to reflect as a mirror”, while Bauer-Danker thinks that the translation “to behold as in a mirror” is the most plausible translation 13. A survey of the literature shows that there also exists a variant of “to behold as in a mirror”, which drops the reference to the mirror and translates the verb simply as ‘to behold’. It is included in some recent bible translations 14 and can be found in a few texts that post-date Paul. Not only the fifth- century lexicon of Hesychius clearly attests this meaning of the verb 15, but even some early Christian Latin texts translate the verb with speculantes 16, and Tertullian renders it as contemplantes 17. This is, however, not the only group of texts that is decisive for the translation of katoptri,zomai, since there are also some Greek texts that use the verb with a clear reference to mirror imagery 18. 13 LSJ 929 s.v.; BDAG 535 s.v. 14 New American Bible (2011), New International Version (2011), English Standard Version (2007), and Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling (2004), Willibrordver- taling (1978), Revised Standard Version (1952), Elberfelder (1905), The Darby Bible (1884, in French: 1885), Douay-Rheims Bible and Tyndale’s New Testa- ment (1534). 15 HESYCHIUS ALEXANDRINUS, Hesychii Alexandrini Lexicon (Jena 1868). 16 See Old Latin, Vulgate, Syriac, Bohairic and Sahidic. cf. N. HUGEDÉ, La métaphore du miroir dans les Epîtres de saint Paul aux Corinthiens (Neuchâtel – Paris 1957) 18, n. 3. 17 TERTULLIANUS, Adversus Marcionem, Liber Quintus 11.8. See also ORIGEN, In Jeremiam Homilia V, 154 and In Mattheum XII, 525. (cf. HUGEDÉ, ibid.) and AMBROSE (cf. P. BACHMANN, Der zweite Brief des Paulus an die Korinther [Leipzig 1909] 176, n. 1.). 18 See for example ZENO, Fragment 293 and EMPEDOCLES, Fragment 109a (Pap. Oxyrh. 1609 XIII 94). See also nn. 19, 20 and 21.