262 JEAN LOUIS SKA contested by many scholars today. Fourth, the clearest connection with the other promises is to be found in 22,15-18, a text which is considered by a majority of commentators as a later addition. All in all, we must say that most of the arguments do not hold water or would require a further, more thorough, discussion. Timo Veijola tries to avoid all the aforementioned pitfalls and looks in a different direction. For him, Abraham is a “paradigm of faith in the post- exilic period” 14. As we will see, the late dating proved to be a fruitful in- sight. On the other hand, one may ask whether the text speaks of faith, of obedience, or of “fear of God”. Faith as such is not mentioned in the text, and can be read only in the background. Eventually, the text speaks of a “test”, and this element is present in what can be called a “title” or a “pro- leptic summary” of the whole narrative. Another way of interpreting the text is suggested by Georg Steins and several others, namely a canonical and intertextual reading of Genesis 22 15. They pinpoint a whole range of quotations and echoes of, and allusions to, other texts in the narrative of Abraham’s test 16. There are, according to G. Steins, many allusions to the Sinai pericope, and Genesis 22 would be a kind of prologue or foreshadowing of God’s theophany and covenant with Israel. The main problem of this method, as was underlined by Brevard S. Childs himself, is the difference between the “intention of the text” and the “inten- tion of the reader”, especially the modern reader. It is clear that the allusions to the Sinai pericope do not appear at the surface of Genesis 22 and are not part of what can be called its plain meaning. Other studies must be mentioned of a more literary and sometimes syn- chronic type 17. A point common to several of these studies is to approach T. VEIJOLA, “Das Opfer des Abraham – Paradigma des Glaubens aus 14 dem nachexilischen Zeitalter”, ZTK 85 (1988) 129-164. G. STEINS, Die »Bindung Isaaks« im Kanon (Gen 22). Grundlagen und 15 Programm einer kanonisch-intertextuellen Lektüre. Mit einer Spezialbibli- ographie zu Gen 22 (HBS 20; Freiburg im Breisgau 1999); ID., “Abrahams Opfer – Annäherung an einen abgründigen Text”, ZKT 121 (1999) 311-324 = Kanonisch-intertextuelle Studien zum Alten Testament (SBAB 48; Stuttgart 2009) 169-182. B.S. CHILDS, “Critique of Recent Intertextual Canonical Interpretation”, 16 ZAW 115 (2003) 173-184. See, for instance, R. LACK, “Le sacrifice d’Isaac. Analyse structurale de la 17 couche élohiste dans Gen 22”, Bib 56 (1975) 1-12; S.E. MCEVENUE, “The Elo- hist at Work”, ZAW 96 (1984) 315-332; Y. MAZOR, “Genesis 22: The Ideological Rhetoric and the Psychological Composition”, Bib 67 (1986) 81-88; J.L. SKA, “Gn 22,1-19. Essai sur les niveaux de lecture”, Bib 69 (1988) 324-339 = “Gen- esis 22 and the Testing of Abraham: An Essay on the Levels of Reading”, ID., The Exegesis of the Pentateuch (FAT 66; Tübingen 2009) 97-110; F. LANDY, © Gregorian Biblical Press 2013 - Tutti i diritti riservati