James Swetnam, «The Crux at Hebrews 2,9 in Its Context», Vol. 91 (2010) 103-111
The note suggests that Heb 2,9 means that Jesus died physically so that he could die in the gaze of those who believe in him and thus be freed from the fear of death (2,15). It also suggests that Heb 2,8b-9 is a subsection about Jesus as the heavenly sacrificial victim and corresponds to Heb 2,14-16 which is about Jesus the earthly sacrificial victim. Heb 2,10-12 in turn is a subsection about Jesus as heavenly high priest and corresponds to Heb 2,17-18 which is about Jesus as earthly high priest.
106 JAMES SWETNAM
Heb 2,15 is realized. With its statement that Jesus came in order to free
from the fear of death all children of Abraham who lived in fear of death,
Heb 2,15 is a claim without substantiation in conventional exegesis of the
epistle. It is a claim seeking explanation. Heb 2,9 gives the explanation.
II. A Re-reading of Heb 2,8b-14
The proposed solution to the crux at Heb 2,9 would seem to open the
way for a re-reading of Heb 2,8b-14.
In the above analysis Heb 2,9 is the answer to Heb 2,15. It explains
how the goal expressed in Heb 2,15 is realized. That is to say, there seems
to be a correspondence between the two verses. Further, if one divides
2,8b-9 from what follows 14 and 2,13b-16 from what follows, one finds that
each passage is centered on the death of Jesus: dia to pauhma toy
ùù¥ ˜
uanatoy (2,9) and dia toy uanatoy (2,14).
¥ ù ˜ ¥
Other indications of a pattern within 2,8b-12 and 2,13b-18 seem to
present themselves. Following the two sections 2,8b-9 / 2,13b-16 which
center on what Jesus suffered — death — the two following sections center
on what Jesus did. In 2,10-12 God is the subject of 2,10, but only in order to
prepare Jesus for the action of 2,11, in which he “calls†those who share his
faith-trust his “brothersâ€, an act which introduces the Christian tôdâ
(2,12) 15 and in the Christian tôdâ he “announces†to these brothers the
Christian name of God 16.
Given these apparent patterns, what seems to suggest itself is that
2,8b-9 / 2,14-16 are about Jesus as victim, and 2,10-12 / 2,17-18 are about
Jesus as priest. As earthly victim Jesus “through death†— his own death —
annihilates the power of the devil and frees man from fear of death; as
heavenly victim Jesus, as a result of his having suffered death as an earthly
victim and then being crowned with honor and glory in the resurrection,
can taste death for each and every person who trusts as he trusted and who
as a result can experience his death and resurrection as he did 17.
This is a commonly accepted division. Cf.: 27 N-A ; LANE, Hebrews 1–8,
14
52-53 (there is a connection between what precedes 2,10 and what follows, but
a break is justified); H.W. ATTRIDGE, The Epistle to the Hebrews (Hermeneia ;
Philadelphia, PA 1989) 69 and 78.
Cf. SWETNAM, “ÃEj enov in Hebrews 2,11â€, 523.
Ω¥
15
Cf. SWETNAM, “o apostolov in Hebrews 3,1â€, 256-261.
Ωß ¥
16
It is instructive to note that the word uanatov appears three times in 2,14-
Â¥
17
16 but not at all in 2,17-18, and once in 2,8b-9, but not at all in 2,10-12. But
where it could be reasonably expected to occur (in 2,10) it is only alluded to (by
means of the word pauhmatwn. ¥