Benjamin E. Reynolds, «The 'One Like a Son of Man' According to the Old Greek of Daniel 7,13-14», Vol. 89 (2008) 70-80
While studies of the Old Greek (OG) of Daniel 7,13-14 are not uncommon, they are often undertaken as part of a broader examination of the 'one like a son of man'. Rarely, if ever, do these studies focus on the description of this figure in the
OG version and what readers of this version might have understood of this character. This study is an examination of the interpretation of OG Daniel 7,13-14, and the argument is made that the OG portrays the 'one like a son of man' as similar to the Ancient of Days and as a messianic figure.
The “One Like a Son of Man†79
son of man†is not mentioned in the interpretation of the dream while the holy
ones are not mentioned in the dream. Secondly, both the son of man figure and
the holy ones are given a kingdom (v. 14; v. 27), and thirdly, the reception of
both kingdoms follows the judgment of the fourth beast both in the dream and
its interpretation (vv. 11-12; v. 26). These factors lead some to see a one-to-one
correlation between the “one like a son of man†and the holy ones (42).
However, this line of argument is based upon the reading of Aramaic
Daniel and does not hold up in an examination of the OG text of Dan 7,13-14.
In the OG, an explicit distinction is made between the “one like a son of manâ€
and the holy ones in that the holy ones are mentioned in the midst of Daniel’s
vision prior to the appearance of the “one like a son of manâ€. In the description
of the eleventh horn in 7,8, the OG contains the phrase: kai; ejpoivei povlemon
pro;" tou;" aJgivou". This phrase is absent in 7,8 of Aramaic Daniel and Q. Its use
in OG Dan 7,8 indicates that the holy ones and the “one like a son of man†are
separate characters in the dream, and it therefore calls into question the
symbolic interpretation, since the main argument for symbolically equating the
holy ones with the “one like a son of man†is that the son of man figure appears
in the dream and the holy ones in the interpretation. Thus, the appearance of the
“one like a son of man†with his kingly authority and eternal kingdom after the
mention of war being made against the holy ones may suggest that in the OG
this figure functions as a representative ruler of the holy ones.
III. Conclusion
Examining the portrait of the “one like a son of man†in the OG has
indicated some unique characteristics of the son of man figure. This figure is
more closely aligned with the Ancient of Days. He is described as having
arrived like the Ancient of Days, appearing with the clouds, receiving service
due a divine figure, and having those standing before the Ancient of Days
approach him. While the “one like a son of man†is similar to the Ancient of
Days, there is no indication of equivalency or identification. In fact the giving
of authority to the “one like a son of man†implies that the son of man figure’s
status is different from that of the Ancient of Days.
The OG portrait of the son of man figure also suggests that the “one like a
son of man†has a messianic nature. This is most clearly seen in the kingly
authority that the figure receives. Other indications include his kingdom that
will not pass away and his distinction from the holy ones of the Most High.
It is possible, then, that the interpretation of the “one like a son of man†in
the OG may have provided a basis for the more openly messianic and
heavenly interpretations of this figure that are found in later Jewish
apocalyptic literature such as the Similitudes of Enoch and 4 Ezra.
University of Aberdeen Benjamin E. REYNOLDS
King’s College
Aberdeen AB24 3UB-UK
(42) CASEY, Son of Man, 24-25; A.A. DI LELLA, “The One in Human Likeness and the
Holy Ones of the Most High in Daniel 7â€, CBQ 39 (1977) 11.