Benjamin E. Reynolds, «The 'One Like a Son of Man' According to the Old Greek of Daniel 7,13-14», Vol. 89 (2008) 70-80
While studies of the Old Greek (OG) of Daniel 7,13-14 are not uncommon, they are often undertaken as part of a broader examination of the 'one like a son of man'. Rarely, if ever, do these studies focus on the description of this figure in the
OG version and what readers of this version might have understood of this character. This study is an examination of the interpretation of OG Daniel 7,13-14, and the argument is made that the OG portrays the 'one like a son of man' as similar to the Ancient of Days and as a messianic figure.
78 Benjamin E. Reynolds
like a son of man†has to do with kingship and for that reason hints at a
possible messianic interpretation of this heavenly figure (40).
When viewed in relation to the portrait of the Davidic Messiah in Pss. Sol.
17, this implication becomes more convincing.
Pss. Sol. 17,21: “See, Lord, and raise up for them their king, the son of
David, to rule over your servant Israel in the time which is known to
you, o God.â€
Pss. Sol. 17,32: “And he will be a righteous king over them, taught by
God. And in his days, unrighteousness will not be among them, for all
will be holy, and their king will be the Lord Messiah.â€
2. The Reception of an Eternal Kingdom
Further evidence of the son of man figure’s messianic characteristics can
be seen in his receiving of an eternal kingdom. In OG Dan 7,14 (also Aramaic
Daniel and Q), the “kingly authority†which the “one like a son of manâ€
receives is said to be eternal authority that will not pass away (kai; hJ ejxousiva
aujtou' ejxousiva aijwvnio", h{ti" ouj mh; ajrqh'/). The next line states that the son of
man figure’s kingdom will not be destroyed (kai; hJ basileiva aujtou', h{ti" ouj
mh; fqarh'/). While the “one like a son of man†is not explicitly said to receive
an eternal kingdom, the mention of authority and a kingdom that will not pass
away are highly suggestive of an eternal messianic kingdom.
In 2 Sam 7,12-13, God promised David that he would establish one of his
offspring, and that the throne of this figure’s kingdom would last forever.
4QFlor 10-12 interprets this promise as referring to the kingdom of the Branch
of David, or the Messiah:
“And YHWH declares to you that he will build you a house. I will raise
up your seed after you and establish the throne of his kingdom forever.
I will be a father to him and he will be a son to me. This (refers to the)
‘branch of David’, who will arise with the Interpreter of the law who
will rise up in Zion in the last days, as it is written: ‘I will raise up the
hut of David which has fallen’†(41).
Thus, the son of man’s receiving of an eternal kingdom, coupled with the
kingly authority he receives, strongly implies that the OG portrays this figure
with messianic undertones.
3. The “one like a son of man†and the Holy Ones of the Most High
Thirdly, a distinction is made between the “one like a son of man†and the
holy ones of the Most High which suggests that in the OG the “one like a son of
man†is a representative ruler of the holy ones rather than merely a symbol for
them. Those who argue that the “one like a son of man†is a symbol of the holy
ones do so for a few of reasons. First, the primary reason is that the “one like a
(40) See KIM, Son of Man, 25, who says that these phrases “could suggest an
identification of the heavenly figure in v. 13 with the messiah.â€
(41) Translation from F. GARCÃA MARTÃNEZ, The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated. The
Qumran Texts in English (Leiden - Grand Rapids, MI 21996) 136.