Peter Dubovský, «Assyrian downfall through Isaiah’s eyes (2 Kings 15–23): the historiography of representation», Vol. 89 (2008) 1-16
In this article I compared Assyrian expansion as presented in the Bible with that presented in the Assyrian sources. Then I pointed out the problems of the historical events presented in the Bible. Combining these problems with the results of source-criticism I argued that the biblical 'distortion' of the historical events was intentional. The writers probably did it to offer their interpretation of the downfall of Assyria. This presentation and organization of the events can be explained in terms of the historiography of representation. By applying this concept it is possible to explain several textual and historical problems of these chapters.
14 Peter Dubovsk´
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Second, in analyzing 2 Kgs 18–19 I argued, as do scholars, that
there is a change of style in 2 Kgs 18,17. This change of style is usually
explained as a result of the combination of sources A and B.
Third, I suggested that this combination of sources as well as the
“distortion†of the overall historical picture can be explained as a
literary device employed by the biblical writers to point out the reasons
for the fall of Assyria.
Fourth, after studying the context of 2 Kgs 18–19 I suggested that
we should interpret the fall of Assyria in the light of the punishment
inflicted upon Samaria.
Finally, by analyzing Isaiah’s taunt song, I pointed out the novelty
of the prophet Isaiah’s interpretation of the Assyrian downfall.
According to Isaiah’s song the real cause of the Assyrians’ downfall
was their hubris. Since this hubris according to the Law required the
death penalty, then it was only a question of time when it would take
place. From this point of view, it really did not matter whether the fall
of Assyria took place some decades later; what really mattered was to
understand why it happened (37).
This model for presenting historical data emphasizes the
interpretation of historical events more than the exactness of their
description. Thus, the presentation of the Assyrian collapse can be seen
as one type of ancient historiography. In order to capture the dynamics
of this historiographic technique I suggest employing the concept
representation (38).
In the historiography of representation (39) events are interpreted
(37) The mention of Isaiah’s prophecy on the liberation of Judah from the
hands of Assyria, coming as it does after the murder of Sennacherib (2 Kgs 20,6),
suggests that the biblical writers were aware of the fact that the ultimate fall of
Assyria had not yet taken place.
(38) René Girard successfully used this concept to explain atrocities committed
against the Jews in France. His study of Guillaume de Machaut’s poetry is an
example of how medieval society projected upon the Jews crimes they had never
committed such as incest, the profanation of hosts, the murder of children, etc.
This projection then justified attacks upon Jewish communities in 14th c. A.D.
According to Girard’s study a similar projection of cultural, sexual, and religious
crimes upon one group became a pattern, which can be easily identified in all
kinds of pogroms plaguing mankind from antiquity until the present day; R.
GIRARD, Le Bouc Émissaire (Paris 1982) 5-35.
(39) For the theoretical discussion of this type of historiography see I.W.
PROVAN, 1&2 Kings (Sheffield 1997) 45-67; J.B. KOFOED, Text and History.
Historiography and the Study of the Biblical Text (Winona Lake, IN 2005) 242-
245.