Wim J.C. Weren, «The Macrostructure of Matthew’s Gospel: A New Proposal», Vol. 87 (2006) 171-200
The weakness of the proposals concerning the macrostructure of Matthew’s
Gospel made by Bacon and Kingsbury is that they depart from rigid caesuras,
whilst a typical characteristic of the composition of this Gospel is the relatively
smooth flow of the story. On the basis of the discovery that the various
topographical data are clustered together by means of three refrains we can
distinguish three patterns in the travels undertaken by Jesus. This rather coarse
structure is further refined with the use of Matera’s and Carter’s distinction
between kernels and satellites. Kernels are better labelled as “hinge texts”. The
following pericopes belong to this category: 4,12-17; 11,2-30; 16,13-28; 21,1-17;
26,1-16. Each of them marks a turning point in the plot and has a double function:
a hinge text is not only fleshed out in the subsequent pericopes but also refers to
the preceding block. It is especially these “hinge texts” that underline the
continuity of Matthew’s narrative and should prevent us from focussing too much
on alleged caesuras.
The Macrostructure of Matthew’s Gospel 179
acknowledges the parallelism in the formulations of 4,17 and 16,21(19),
but he disputes the argument that ajpo; tovte h[rxato indicates the
beginning of a new section. To this end, he calls attention to the fact
that ajpo; tovte also occurs in Matt 26,16, where it refers to the
preceding verses (26,14-15).
In 16,21 and 4,17, the time adjunct ajpo; tovte is also very closely
connected with the event narrated immediately before. According to
Neirynck, the sentences introduced by ajpo; tovte do belong to a passage
that started earlier: 4,17 is an integral part of 4,12-17; 16,21 introduces
a new turn in the conversation between Jesus and his disciples in the
neighbourhood of Caesarea Philippi (16,13-28); 26,16 forms the
conclusion of 26,3-16. Within the gospel as a whole, these three
pericopes occupy an important place: all three introduce a new phase in
Jesus’ ministry. Neirynck thus attributes a function to the three
pericopes that is related to the function that Kingsbury gives to 4,17 and
16,21. Still, there is an important difference. Within Kingsbury’s
division, there is first a period in which Jesus proclaims the kingdom
(4,17–16,20), and then a period in which his suffering, death, and
resurrection are central (16,21–28,20). According to Neirynck, the
different phases cannot be separated so rigidly. On the contrary, it can be
said that they overlap — at least partly. Also after 16,20, Jesus speaks
many times about the kingdom (in 26,29 for the last time); the reverse
is also true: Jesus’ death is touched upon before 16,21 (e.g. in 9,15 and
12,14.40). Interesting is also Neirynck’s suggestion to include 26,3-16
in the series of passages that introduce a new phase. After this passage,
the events that have been announced since 16,13-28 come to a head.
I will conclude this section with three critical remarks on details
from Kingsbury’s argument:
(1) According to Kingsbury, the three parts of which Matthew
consists each have their own caption (1,1; 4,17; 16,21), the content of
which is elaborated in the section which they introduce. Much can be
said against this. How can the content of 1,1 (Jesus is the son of David,
the son of Abraham) be reconciled with Kingsbury’s claim that part I
culminates in 3,17 where Jesus is called the Son of God? There is also
a certain tension between 4,17 and part II: in 4,17, only Jesus’
proclamation is mentioned, while part II also focuses on his acts (see
(19) Except for Matthew, ajpo; tovte h[rxato occurs nowhere else in the New
Testament, nor in the LXX. The time adjunct ajpo; tovte can be found elsewhere:
Ezra 5,16; Pss 75,8; 92,2; Qoh 8,12; Matt 26,16; Luke 16,16.