83 Cataphora and Lack of Clarity in the Book of Revelation the textual development suggests that the reader is not satisfied with this relationship. The previous ἃ δεῖ γενέσθαι (1:1, 19; 4:1) was looking for a neuter antecedent. While it is possible that γέγοναν is referring to οἱ λόγοι (21:5) yet it is unlikely that ‘these words are faithful and true’ is the climax of ‘what must soon take place’. The reader is left hoping that there is further referential significance to be found which will also incorporate the previous uses of γίνομαι and the shift from the singular γέγονεν (16:17) to the plural γέγοναν continues the readers’ perplexed disposition. Finally, in 22:6, the angel says, ‘these words are faithful and true’ (c.f. 21:5) and so when it says later in the verse, ‘the God of the Spirits of the prophets sent His angel to show His servants the things that must take place quickly,’ the reader attempts to associate the latter with the former (21:6), bearing in mind our previous discussion on Swete’s interpretation. However, the neuter relative pronoun in ἃ δεῖ γενέσθαι prevents the reader from associating the two clauses. This leads the dejected reader to search again for a further referent but John does not provide them with any more time to ponder on the matter. What follows is a juxtaposition of ideas, which jolts the mind. John has been promising to show the things that must take place quickly, but instead of a series of events, there is only one event in his mind: ‘I am coming quickly’. It appears that all along, John was being deliberately misleading. His initial language (1:1, 19; 4:1) suggested that there might be a disclosure of events. John begins by directing the reader to a neuter plural entity (implying a list of events), he then confuses them by directing them to a singular [potentially] mas- culine entity (16:17). The rhetorical force of John’s language appears to be built upon the idea that the churches wanted to be told a string of future events, and so John promises to give them what they want. However, in the end, he calls them to stop focusing on these matters, and he draws them to the one person who is an obsession to him, Jesus. The Colours of the Horses Providing an explanation for the choice of the colours of the horses in Revelation 6:1-8 has proved itself elusive. The text refers to Zechariah 1:8-11, 6:1-6 and explaining the colour of the horses in these contexts is problematic42. Apart from the fact that John has established an intertex- See H. Mitchell, J. Smith, J. Bewer, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Haggai, 42 Zechariah, Malachi, and Jonah (ICC; Edinburgh, Clark, 1951) 119, 179-180; W. McHardy, ‘The Horses in Zechariah’ In memoriam Paul Kahle (BZAW 103; Berlin, A. Töpelmann, 1968) 174-179; C. & E. Meyers, Haggai, Zechariah 1-8: A New Translation with Introduc-