Jody A. Barnard, «Is Verbal Aspect a Prominence Indicator? An Evaluation of Stanley Porter’s Proposal with Special Reference to the Gospel of Luke.», Vol. 19 (2006) 3-29
The purpose of this article is to evaluate Stanley Porter’s theory of
aspectual prominence. According to Porter the three verbal aspects of the
Greek language (perfective, imperfective and stative) operate at a discourse
level to indicate prominence (background, foreground and frontground). This
theory will be tested against the points of emphasis and climactic junctures
evident in a selection of Luke’s miracle and pronouncement stories.
Is Verbal Aspect a Prominence Indicator? 23
the focus of the story to v. 12. Bock recognises elements of both forms75
and Marshall describes it as “a healing story which ... culminates in a
pronouncementâ€76. The problem of identification is complicated by the
fact that the categories of form criticism (pronouncement, miracle, etc.)
are descriptive rather than prescriptive. Luke did not confine himself to
one form at a time but apparently felt free to combine and rework the
traditions he received in accordance with his own purposes.
For Luke the climactic point of this discourse seems to be the pronoun-
cement in vv. 15-16. Although there is evidence of a miracle tradition
behind this story, the miracles in Luke’s journey narrative (9,51 - 19,44)
tend to be incidental rather than central. Bock has astutely observed that
“each miracle emphasizes not the healing but the teaching that followsâ€by.
In view of this, the healing of the crippled woman is probably to be taken
as setting the scene for the subsequent pronouncement in vv. 15-16. Lon-
gacre has observed that “rhetorical questions may be used with effect at
the peak of a storyâ€78, which certainly seems to be the case in this instan-
ce. It is fitting that Jesus’ last appearance at a Synagogue is epitomized
by “scandalous†rhetoric that puts his opponents to shame.
Although this climactic pronouncement contains several present tense
forms, it also contains several aorist tense forms. This is not dissimilar
from the introductory details except that there we also find Porter’s
frontground tense (ἀπολέλυσαι), but in a background context (v. 12).
Furthermore, within the pronouncement, it is the practice of loosing
(λύει) oxen and donkeys and giving them a drink (ποτίζει) that supports
Jesus’ release (λυθῆναι) of the woman from her sickness (vv. 15-16).
Thus, although this discourse provides some present tense verbs precisely
where Porter’s proposal would anticipate, it also presents some examples
that are not explainable on the basis of his hypothesis.
Jesus’ destiny (13,31-33)
Although Taylor considered the main point to be the narrative incident
rather than the pronouncement79, given the significance of the journey to
Jerusalem in this part of Luke’s gospel, the emphasis is more likely to
lie with the pronouncement80. This is confirmed by the presence of the
Bock, Luke, 2:1213.
75
Marshall, Luke, 556.
76
Bock, Luke, 2:1397. The only exception to this is the healing of the blind beggar
77
(18:35-43), which is a fairly typical miracle story (see above).
Longacre, Grammar, 42.
78
Taylor, Formation, 75, 153, cited by Fitzmyer, Luke, 2:1028.
79
So Fitzmyer, Luke, 2:1028-29; Bultmann, History, 35; Nolland, Luke, 2:738-9.
80