Sigurd Grindheim, «Faith in Jesus: The Historical Jesus and the Object of Faith», Vol. 97 (2016) 79-100
Did Jesus call his followers to believe in him? or did he merely call them to believe in God or in the contents of his teaching? This article examines the evidence found in the Synoptic Gospels and discusses its possible Christological implications in light of the Scriptures of Israel and the writings of Second Temple Judaism. If Jesus expected to be the object of his disciples’ faith, his expectation may be understood in light of his redefinition of messiahship. But he may also be seen to have placed himself in the role of God, who was the object of Israel’s faith in the Scriptures of Israel and in Second Temple Judaism.
Faith in Jesus 99
(evpi. tw|/ ovno,mati auvtou/ e;qnh evlpiou/sin)” (nets) 40. the object of hope
is no longer the servant’s teaching, but the servant himself.
* *
*
the evidence therefore does not point clearly in only one direc-
tion. the bulk of the evidence shows that God was the object of faith,
but there are also examples of his agents having that function. if Jesus
expected his disciples to have absolute faith in him, this expectation is
capable of more than one explanation. the explanation that has the
strongest support is that Jesus thereby saw himself as filling the role
that was reserved for YhWh according to the scriptures of israel. as i
have argued elsewhere, there are strong indications in the synoptic
tradition that Jesus understood himself to be God’s son in the sense
that he not only had an intimate relationship with God, but that he was
equal to God. Jesus said and did things that are best understood in this
way, such as identifying the kingdom of God with his own personal
presence (luke 11,20 par.; 17,21), performing miracles by his own
power and interpreting them as proof that the new creation had arrived
(luke 7,21-22 par.), forgiving sins (mark 2,5 par.), anticipating a role
as the eschatological judge (matt 25,31-46), and speaking with an au-
thority that matches that of God’s word (matt 5,21; 8,22) 41. in light of
this evidence, the criterion of coherence strengthens the interpretation
that Jesus understood himself in God’s role when he called his follow-
ers to believe in him.
however, Jesus’ reference to disciples believing in him is also ca-
pable of a different explanation. it is consistent with an understanding
of Jesus as an exceptional divine agent. if Jesus redefined messiahship
in light of isaiah’s servant songs, it would have been a natural step to
see the messiah as the object of his followers’ faith. such faith in the
messiah would have been an expression of the disciples’ faith in God.
this explanation would also account for the recorded words of the
passers-by at the cross. their mock concession that they would believe
is made in the context of a messianic identification of Jesus. in
the matthean version they call Jesus “king of israel” (27,42), and in
the markan account he is referred to as “the messiah, the King of
israel” (15,32).
40
this version is also quoted in matt 12,21.
41
s. GRinDheim, God’s Equal. What can We Know about Jesus’ self-under-
standing? (lnts 446; london 2011).