“He Filled Zion with Justice and Righteousness” 483 In the case of Isa 33,5b one should look for parallels in which fpvm and hqdx are used together, with YHWH as performer. This leads to — for our case most illuminative — Isa 5,16: “YHWH of hosts will be exalted (hbg) in judgment (fpvm) and the holy God will show himself holy in righteousness (hqdx).” It is strange that this verse is barely mentioned in connection with 33,5. Not only do both fpvm and hqdx appear here, but they are used in connection with the exaltation of YHWH, as in 33,5. The exaltation of YHWH is connected to his judgment (and not salvation!) on Judah (29). When 33,5 maintains that YHWH filled Zion with justice and righteousness, it looks back to Isa 5,16 and considers 33,5 to be the fulfilment of this prediction: YHWH performed justice in Zion, who was punished for her sins. hqdxw fpvm were re-established (cf. Isa 4,4). This throws an interesting light on the relation of v. 5 with vv. 1+4. According to v. 1, as soon as the destroyer is ready with its work (˚mthk / ˚tl[n/k]k) (30), it will be destroyed. V. 5 suggests that this time has now come. When Zion was filled with hqdxw fpvm, divine punishment was brought to accomplishment. In his judgment, through this human tool (cf. Isa 10,5), YHWH manifested himself as an exalted powerful king (Isa 5,19). If this interpretation is correct, Isa 33,5 is part of a later elaboration on vv. 1+4. Those who translate the qatal form of alm in v. 5 as future rely on v. 6, with which this is seen as strongly related. Although 33,6 is extremely difficult to translate, it is most likely that hyhw alludes here to the future. The poetic structure of v. 6 may be represented as follows: and the steadfastness of your times will become (like) ˚yt[ tnwma hyhw a stronghold of salvation, t[wvy ˆsj wisdom and knowledge (31), (i.e.) t[dw tmkj the fear of YHWH, hwhy tary that will be his treasure house. wrxwa ayh (29) YHWH’s exaltation is also connected to judgment in 2,6-22, although neither hqdx nor fpvm appear here. Isa 2,11,17 uses the same bgc niphal as 33,5b (see below). (30) k is rendered as ‘according to’ by SWEENEY, Isaiah, 422. However, the temporal connotation of the verbs μmt and hln/k makes this unlikely. Sweeney’s translation would require ˚ddvk and ˚dgbk. For ˚tl[n/k]k, see below. (31) Cf. JOÜON – MURAOKA, Grammar, §129s. t[dw hmkj appears to be a hendiadys for wisdom (Qoh 1,16; 2,26; Isa 47,10). According to wisdom traditions (Prov 1,7), hmkj means hwhy tary.