Mark J. Boda, «Freeing the Burden of Prophecy:Mas%s%a4) and the Legitimacy of Prophecy in Zech 9–14», Vol. 87 (2006) 338-357
Prior to the 1980’s the definition of the Hebrew term mas%s%a4) as a reference to
prophetic speech or literature, was largely dominated by etymological
argumentation. However, Richard Weis, in his 1986 Claremont dissertation
leveraged form-critical categories and evidence to argue that this term was a
formal tag defining a particular type of literature, an argument that has been
applied and developed by the subsequent work of Marvin Sweeney (Isaiah,
FOTL; Book of the Twelve, Berit Olam) and Michael Floyd (JBL 12.1 [2002] 401-
422). This paper offers a critical review of this history of research with a view to
its impact on the interpretation of Zechariah 9–14. A new proposal is put forward
for the use of this term in Zechariah 9–14, one that reveals the influence of
Jeremianic tradition and highlights concern over certain prophetic streams in the
community that produced these texts.
356 Mark J. Boda
9–14 collection, but in what may be evidence of influence from the
crisis reflected in Jer 23,33-40, these ma¢¢ôt are clearly defined as
debar YHWH, strikingly similar to the concern over the claims for hw:hy“
˘
aC;m' in Jer 23, which were shown to distort “the words of the living
God, the Lord Almightyâ€.
Zech 9,1; 12,1 and Mal 1,1 echo this vocabulary, making the claim
now in the Persian period in the midst of the confusing cacophony of
prophetic voices, that actually these prophetic texts are indeed an
“oracle†which is the “the word of YHWHâ€. Rather than a curtailment
of prophecy, as argued by Petersen, or even a transformation of
prophecy, as argued by Weis, Zechariah 9–14 and Malachi represent a
renewal of prophecy along the lines of earlier prophecy. This would
explain the fact that the prophetic material in Zechariah 9–14 and
Malachi not only utilizes language and forms echoing classic
prophecy, but also expects the endurance of the prophetic line founded
on Moses and which will endure even through an expected Elijah
figure.
*
**
The prophetic word, denied in the closing phase of the kingdom of
Judah, was now not only available but authoritative in the midst of the
present prophetic crisis. Therefore, ma¢¢Ë’ serves as an editorial
marker that in the end bolsters the status of prophecy in the Persian
period, rather than sounding its death knell (46).
McMaster Divinity College, Mark J. BODA
McMaster University
1280 Main Street West
Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
(46) The Zecharian tradition does celebrate earlier prophecy, citing it liberally
and playing with earlier images and traditions. However, there is no indication
that prophecy has come to an end. Clearly the imposing image of early prophecy
is ever present, but this did not mean an end to new revelation. Zechariah 1–6
shows liberal use of earlier prophetic themes, language and forms, but no more
than prophets in the “earlier†era.