Francesca Stavrakopoulou, «Exploring the Garden of Uzza: Death, Burial and Ideologies of Kingship», Vol. 87 (2006) 1-21
The Garden of Uzza (2 Kgs 21,18.26) is commonly regarded as a pleasure garden
in or near Jerusalem which came to be used as a royal burial ground once the tombs
in the City of David had become full. However, in this article it is argued that the
religious and cultic significance of royal garden burials has been widely
overlooked. In drawing upon comparative evidence from the ancient Near East, it
is proposed that mortuary gardens played an ideological role within perceptions of
Judahite kingship. Biblical texts such as Isa 65,3-4; 66,17 and perhaps 1,29-30 refer
not to goddess worship, but to practices and sacred sites devoted to the royal dead.
Exploring the Garden of Uzza 21
might be found in the New Testament. In the gospel of John, it is
claimed that Jesus’ body was laid in a garden tomb (19,41), and that
Mary mistook the resurrected Jesus for a gardener (20,15). It seems
likely that the motif of a royal mortuary garden has re-emerged within
this tradition (76). As it is now found, the motif of a mortuary garden is
presented negatively in the Hebrew Bible. Just as many other formerly
acceptable cult practices are rejected and censured by the biblical
writers, so the mortuary garden cult of ancient Judahite kingship has
been cast into the shadows. Thus in Isa 65,3-5; 66,17 and perhaps
1,29-30, the mortuary garden is characterised as an illegitimate and
abhorrent cult place despised by YHWH, whilst in 2 Kgs 21,18.26, the
garden burials of the Judahite kings Manasseh and Amon illustrate the
theological condemnation wrought by their supposed religious
depravity. Yet ironically, it would appear that each of these kings has
been accorded an historically honourable burial, wholly befitting an
ancient Near Eastern monarch.
Department of Theology, Francesca STAVRAKOPOULOU
University of Exeter
Queen’s Building – The Queen’s Drive
Exeter, Devon EX4 4QH – UK
SUMMARY
The Garden of Uzza (2 Kgs 21,18.26) is commonly regarded as a pleasure garden
in or near Jerusalem which came to be used as a royal burial ground once the tombs
in the City of David had become full. However, in this article it is argued that the
religious and cultic significance of royal garden burials has been widely
overlooked. In drawing upon comparative evidence from the ancient Near East, it
is proposed that mortuary gardens played an ideological role within perceptions of
Judahite kingship. Biblical texts such as Isa 65,3-4; 66,17 and perhaps 1,29-30 refer
not to goddess worship, but to practices and sacred sites devoted to the royal dead.
——————
its more usual identification with En-gannim (Josh 19,21; 21,29). Certainly, the
preceding description of Joram’s corpse being dumped on Naboth’s plot of
ground (2 Kgs 9,25-26; cf. 1 Kgs 21) is suggestive of a complex of traditions
concerning royal gardens, death and ancestral land.
(76) See also WYATT, “‘Supposing Him to be the Gardener’ (John 20,15)â€,
21-38.