A.E. Gardner, «Daniel 7,2-14: Another Look at its Mythic Pattern», Vol. 82 (2001) 244-252
This paper focuses upon a re-examination of the mythological background to the apocalyptic vision of Daniel 7. The popularly accepted Canaanite source is rejected as the points of correspondence are shown to be even slighter than recognised hitherto. Gunkel’s thesis of the Enuma Elish as similar to Dan 7 is revived and given further support. It is pointed out that whereas the question of access, for the author of Daniel, to the Baal mythology is problematic, the Enuma Elish was still being recited in the Hellenistic period.
Qingu32 was to lead the army of monsters; he was made
greater than all the other gods of chaos (Ee I 148; also II 34; III
38,96).
N.B Qingu is not described in physical terms.
Thrones were placed.
And one that was [Ancient of Days] sat.
The Ancient of Days and his throne are described (Dan
7,9bc.10a).
A stream of fire issued and came forth from before
him,
A thousand thousands served him
And ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him;
The judgement was set and the books were opened.
(Dan 7,9-10)
All the great gods, ordainers (of destinies) came
before Anshar... (Ee III 130-131).
To Marduk, their champion they ordained destiny. They
set out for him a princely dais (Ee III 138–IV 1).
Then follows a eulogy of Marduk and eternal kingship is
conferred on him.
With raging fire he covered his body (Ee III 130–IV
40).
...There came with the clouds of heaven one like unto
a son of man
And he came even to the Ancient of Days and they
caused him to approach before him (Dan 7,13).
Marduk is urged: Draw near, approach Anshar (Ee
II 134).
He drew near and waited upon Anshar (Ee II 137).